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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2025-16-2-142-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-10</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Extremality of Gibbs measures for the DNA-Ising molecule model on the Cayley tree</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экстремальность мер Гиббса для модели молекулы ДНК-Изинга на дереве Кэли</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-7982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатамов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatamov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хатамов Носирджон Муйдинович</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nosirjon M. Khatamov</p><p>Boburshox street, 161, 160107, Namangan</p><p>4B, St. University, 100174, Tashkent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nxatamov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1710-1004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маликов</surname><given-names>Н. Н. угли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маликов Нематулла Наимджан угли</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nematulla N. Malikov</p><p>Boburshox street, 161, 160107, Namangan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malikovnematulla24@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Namangan state university; V. I. Romanovskiy Institute of Mathematics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Namangan state university</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Khatamov N.M., Malikov N.N., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хатамов Н.М., Маликов Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khatamov N.M., Malikov N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/10">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/10</self-uri><abstract><p>We examine a model of a DNA-Ising molecule on a Cayley tree of order k ≥ 2. For this model, we derive a system of functional equations, where each positive solution corresponds to a Gibbs measure. On the general order Cayley tree, we can solve the model exactly. Specifically, we can find the exact value of the critical temperature Tc for any k ≥ 2 so that, if T ≥ Tc, there is a unique translation-invariant Gibbs measure (TIGM), and if T &lt; Tc, there are three TIGMs. We determine the model’s typical configurations and stationary distributions for high enough and low enough temperatures. The primary attention is focused on the systematic study of the structure of the set of the Gibbs measures. In this paper, we present a non-trivial adaptation of famous techniques, such as the Martinelli-Sinclair-Weitz criterion for determining the extremality of TIGMs and the Kesten-Stigum criterion for determining the non-extremality of TIGMs. One of the important contributions of this paper is the resolution of the extremality versus non-extremality regions for one of the TIGMs on a Cayley tree of the general order. For the other TIGMs, the extremality and non-extremality regions are determined on Cayley trees of orders up to 5.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мы рассматриваем модель молекулы ДНК-Изинга на дереве Кэли порядка k ≥ 2. Для этой модели мы выводим систему функциональных уравнений, где каждое положительное решение соответствует мере Гиббса. На дереве Кэли общего порядка мы можем решить модель точно. В частности, найдена точное значение критической температуры Tc для любого k ≥ 2 так, что если T ≥ Tc, то существует единственная трансляционно-инвариантная мера Гиббса (ТИМГ), а если T &lt; Tc, то существует три ТИМГ. Мы определяем типичные конфигурации модели и стационарные распределения для достаточно высоких и достаточно низких температур.</p><p>Основное внимание сосредоточено на систематическом изучении структуры множества мер Гиббса. В этой статье мы представляем нетривиальную адаптацию известных методов, таких как критерий Мартинелли-Синклера-Вейца для определения экстремальности ТИМГ и критерий Кестена-Стигума для определения не экстремальности ТИМГ. Одним из важных вкладов этой статьи является нахождение областей экстремальности и не экстремальности для одной из ТИМГ на дереве Кэли общего порядка. Для других ТИМГ области экстремальности и не экстремальности определяются на деревьях Кэли порядков до 5.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>температура</kwd><kwd>дерево Кэли</kwd><kwd>мера Гиббса</kwd><kwd>трансляционно-инвариантные меры</kwd><kwd>экстремальность меры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>Cayley tree</kwd><kwd>Gibbs measure</kwd><kwd>translation-invariant measures</kwd><kwd>extreme of measure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to Academician U. A. Rozikov for his suggestions that contributed to improving the readability of the article. We thank the referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and especially for a number of suggestions that have improved the paper. 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