<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Introduction of scandium, zirconium and hafnium into aluminum alloys. Dispersion hardening of intermetallic compounds with nanodimensional particles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skachkov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnik</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsenko</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yatsenko@ihim.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>603</fpage><lpage>612</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Skachkov V.M., Pasechnik L.A., Yatsenko S.P., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Skachkov V.M., Pasechnik L.A., Yatsenko S.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skachkov V.M., Pasechnik L.A., Yatsenko S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1016">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><p>The state of intermetallic compounds Al3Sc, Al3Zr, Al3Hf and slag shots introduced by high-temperature exchange reactions of corresponding ﬂuoride-chloride salts with liquid aluminum has been studied. The particle size and segregation direction during centrifugation and ﬁltration of melt have been examined by microscopy and local X-ray analysis methods. The dispersoids formed during decomposition of solid solution are strong phase reinforcers.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Aluminum</kwd><kwd>scandium</kwd><kwd>zirconium</kwd><kwd>hafnium</kwd><kwd>alloy</kwd><kwd>intermetallic compounds (IMC)</kwd><kwd>slag</kwd><kwd>inclusions</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakharov V.V. Eﬀect of scandium on the structure and properties of aluminum alloys. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 7, P. 7–15 (2003). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.V. Eﬀect of scandium on the structure and properties of aluminum alloys. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 7, P. 7–15 (2003). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belov N.A., Alabin A.N. Promising aluminum alloys with zirconium and scandium additions. Tsvetnye metally, 2, P. 99–106 (2007). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov N.A., Alabin A.N. Promising aluminum alloys with zirconium and scandium additions. Tsvetnye metally, 2, P. 99–106 (2007). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fanhao Zeng, Changging Xia, Yi Gu. The 430◦C isothermal section of the Al-4Mg-Sc-Zr quaternary system in the Al-rich range. J. Alloys and Compounds, 363, P. 175–181 (2004).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fanhao Zeng, Changging Xia, Yi Gu. The 430◦C isothermal section of the Al-4Mg-Sc-Zr quaternary system in the Al-rich range. J. Alloys and Compounds, 363, P. 175–181 (2004).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popova E.A., Shubin A.B., Kotenkov P.V., Brodova L.E. et al. Al-Sc-Zr master alloy and estimation of its modifying ability. Rasplavy, 1, P. 12–15 (2011). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova E.A., Shubin A.B., Kotenkov P.V., Brodova L.E. et al. Al-Sc-Zr master alloy and estimation of its modifying ability. Rasplavy, 1, P. 12–15 (2011). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubaschewski O., Von Galdbeck. Phase diagram Hf-Al. In book: Hafnium: Physico-chemical Properties of its compounds and alloys. Atomic Energy Review, Special issue No. 8, IAEA, Vienna., P. 58–60 (1981).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubaschewski O., Von Galdbeck. Phase diagram Hf-Al. In book: Hafnium: Physico-chemical Properties of its compounds and alloys. Atomic Energy Review, Special issue No. 8, IAEA, Vienna., P. 58–60 (1981).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yatsenko S.P., Khokhlova N.A., Pasechnik L.A., Sabirzyanov N.A. Production of aluminum-based master alloys by high-temperature exchange reactions in salt melt. III. Multicomponent modifying a;uminum master alloys with scandium, zirconium and hafnium. Rasplavy, 2, P. 89–93 (2010). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsenko S.P., Khokhlova N.A., Pasechnik L.A., Sabirzyanov N.A. Production of aluminum-based master alloys by high-temperature exchange reactions in salt melt. III. Multicomponent modifying a;uminum master alloys with scandium, zirconium and hafnium. Rasplavy, 2, P. 89–93 (2010). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">RF patent No. 2421537. Method for production of aluminum-containing master alloy and charge for obtaining of aluminum-scandium-containing master alloy. Yatsenko S.P., Ovsyannikov B.V., Varchenya P.A. Patent holders: ISSC UB RAS and OJSC KUMZ. Published 2010, Bull. No. 22. [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RF patent No. 2421537. Method for production of aluminum-containing master alloy and charge for obtaining of aluminum-scandium-containing master alloy. Yatsenko S.P., Ovsyannikov B.V., Varchenya P.A. Patent holders: ISSC UB RAS and OJSC KUMZ. Published 2010, Bull. No. 22. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">RF patent No. 2361941. Method for production of aluminum-scandium master alloy, ﬂux for obtaining of master alloy and a device for implementation of the method. Yatsenko S.P., Sabirzyanov N.A., Yatsenko A.S. Published 2009, Bull. No. 20. [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RF patent No. 2361941. Method for production of aluminum-scandium master alloy, ﬂux for obtaining of master alloy and a device for implementation of the method. Yatsenko S.P., Sabirzyanov N.A., Yatsenko A.S. Published 2009, Bull. No. 20. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simensen Chr.J. Sedimentation Analysis of Inclusions in Aluminium and Magnesium. Metallurgical Trans. B, 12B, P. 733–743 (1981).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simensen Chr.J. Sedimentation Analysis of Inclusions in Aluminium and Magnesium. Metallurgical Trans. B, 12B, P. 733–743 (1981).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belov N.A. Phase composition of commercial and prospective alloys. Moscow: MISiS, 511 p. (2010). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov N.A. Phase composition of commercial and prospective alloys. Moscow: MISiS, 511 p. (2010). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandolfo L.F. Aluminum alloys: Structure and Properties. Butterworths, London, 312 p. (1976).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandolfo L.F. Aluminum alloys: Structure and Properties. Butterworths, London, 312 p. (1976).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubaschewski O., Von Goldbeck. Hafnium: Physico-chemical Properties of its compounds and alloys. Atomic Energy Review. Special issue No. 8. IAEA. Vienna, 60 p. (1981).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubaschewski O., Von Goldbeck. Hafnium: Physico-chemical Properties of its compounds and alloys. Atomic Energy Review. Special issue No. 8. IAEA. Vienna, 60 p. (1981).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakharova V.V., Rostova T.D. Eﬀect of scandium, transitions metals and impurities on strengthening of aluminum alloys during decomposition of solid solution. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 9(627), P. 12–19 (2007). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova V.V., Rostova T.D. Eﬀect of scandium, transitions metals and impurities on strengthening of aluminum alloys during decomposition of solid solution. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 9(627), P. 12–19 (2007). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skachkov V.M., Yatsenko S.P. Production of aluminum-based Sc, Zr, Hf, Y master alloys by hightemperature exchange reactions in salt melts. Tsvetnye metally, 3, P. 22–26 (2014). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skachkov V.M., Yatsenko S.P. Production of aluminum-based Sc, Zr, Hf, Y master alloys by hightemperature exchange reactions in salt melts. Tsvetnye metally, 3, P. 22–26 (2014). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skachkov V.M., Varchenya P.A., Ovsyannikov B.V., Yatsenko S.P. Injection of scandium-containing process powders into aluminum alloys. Tsvetnye metally, 12, P. 81–86 (2013). [in Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skachkov V.M., Varchenya P.A., Ovsyannikov B.V., Yatsenko S.P. Injection of scandium-containing process powders into aluminum alloys. Tsvetnye metally, 12, P. 81–86 (2013). [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darken L.S., and Gurry R.W. Physical chemistry of metals. McGraw Hill, New York, 535 p. (1953).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darken L.S., and Gurry R.W. Physical chemistry of metals. McGraw Hill, New York, 535 p. (1953).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
