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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Time-series rate of convergence to quasi-periodic oscillations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magisterbes@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">ITMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>362</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bespalov A.V., Vilkova E.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Bespalov A.V., Vilkova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bespalov A.V., Vilkova E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1020">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1020</self-uri><abstract><p>We propose three algorithms that can fairly accurately estimate the degree of convergence to the limit cycle using time-series generated by systems that converge to a quasi-periodic oscillation and consider their applicability ranges. As a proof-of-concept, a trivial two-dimensional case is studied. A practically important three-dimensional case is considered. Generalization of the algorithm to the space of any number of dimensions is presented. An example of these algorithms was used for estimating the Van-der-Pol system convergence.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Time-series</kwd><kwd>Self-oscillatory modes</kwd><kwd>Lyapunov exponents</kwd><kwd>convergence rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins A., Self-oscillation, Phys. Rep., 525, P. 167–222 (2013).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins A., Self-oscillation, Phys. Rep., 525, P. 167–222 (2013).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazarus A., Barois T., Perisanu S., Poncharal P. 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