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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mathematical description of polarization distortion of signal in quantum cryptography systems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Математическое описание поляризационных искажений сигнала в системах квантовой криптографии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кынев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kynev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Kynev – Russia, student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skynev.ifmo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliona Ivanova – student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">newiva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Egorov – engineer</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глейм</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gleim</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur Gleim – engineer</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aglejm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рупасов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rupasov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Rupasov –  engineer</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.rupasov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чивилихин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chivilikhin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Chivilikhin – associate professor, PhD, senior staff scientist</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.chivilikhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics ; Concern “CSRI “Elektropribor” JSC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kynev S.M., Ivanova A.E., Egorov V.I., Gleim A.V., Rupasov A.V., Chivilikhin S.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кынев С.М., Иванова А.Е., Егоров В.И., Глейм А.В., Рупасов А.В., Чивилихин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kynev S.M., Ivanova A.E., Egorov V.I., Gleim A.V., Rupasov A.V., Chivilikhin S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1164">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1164</self-uri><abstract><p>We discuss an analytical model that describes polarization distortion of an optical signal that appears during its propagation in a fiber optics line. The model is applied for illustrating the principles of weak signal distortion compensation in different types of quantum cryptography systems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрена аналитическая модель, описывающая поляризационные искажения оптического сигнала при его прохождении по волоконной линии связи. Модель применена для описания принципов компенсации искажений слабого сигнала в различных типах систем квантовой криптографии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квантовая криптография</kwd><kwd>двулучепреломление</kwd><kwd>зеркала Фарадея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quantum cryptography</kwd><kwd>birefringence</kwd><kwd>Faraday mirrors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках тематического плана научно-исследовательских работ НИУ ИТМО.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennett C., Brassard G. Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing // Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing. — 1984. — P. 175-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennett C., Brassard G. 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