<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Bifurcation condition for optimal sets of the average distance functional</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>X. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student in Mathematics</p><p>Pisa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">x.lu@sns.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Scuola Normale Superiore</institution><country>Italy</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Lu X., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Lu X.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lu X.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1178">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1178</self-uri><abstract><p>Consider the quasi-static irreversible evolution of a connected network, which minimizes the average distance functional. We look for conditions forcing a bifurcation, thus changing the topology. We would give here a sufficient conditions. Then we will give an explicit example of sets satisfying the bifurcation condition, and analyze this special case. Proofs given here will be somewhat sketchy, and this work is based on [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit9">9</xref>], in which more details can be found.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optimal transport</kwd><kwd>Euler scheme</kwd><kwd>minimizing movements</kwd><kwd>average distance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucur D., Buttazzo G. Irreversible quasistatic evolutions by minimizing movements // J. Convex Analysis. — 2008. — V. 15, No. 3. — P. 523-534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucur D., Buttazzo G. Irreversible quasistatic evolutions by minimizing movements // J. Convex Analysis. — 2008. — V. 15, No. 3. — P. 523-534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucur D., Buttazzo G., Lux A. Quasistatic evolution in debonding problems via capacity methods // Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. — 2008. — V. 190. — P. 281–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucur D., Buttazzo G., Lux A. Quasistatic evolution in debonding problems via capacity methods // Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. — 2008. — V. 190. — P. 281–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucur D., Buttazzo G., Trebeschi P. An existence result for optimal obstacles // J. Funct. Anal. — 1999. — V. 162(1). — P. 96-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucur D., Buttazzo G., Trebeschi P. An existence result for optimal obstacles // J. Funct. Anal. — 1999. — V. 162(1). — P. 96-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buttazzo G., Oudet E., Stepanov E. Optimal transportation problems with free Dirichlet regions Published Paper. // Progress in Nonlinear Diff. Equations and their Applications. — 2002. — V. 51. — P. 41-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buttazzo G., Oudet E., Stepanov E. Optimal transportation problems with free Dirichlet regions Published Paper. // Progress in Nonlinear Diff. Equations and their Applications. — 2002. — V. 51. — P. 41-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Minimization problems for average distance functionals // Calculus of Variations: Topics from the Mathematical Heritage of Ennio De Giorgi, D. Pallara (ed.), Quaderni di Matematica, Seconda Universitate di Napoli, Caserta. — 2004. — V. 14. — P. 47-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Minimization problems for average distance functionals // Calculus of Variations: Topics from the Mathematical Heritage of Ennio De Giorgi, D. Pallara (ed.), Quaderni di Matematica, Seconda Universitate di Napoli, Caserta. — 2004. — V. 14. — P. 47-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Optimal transportation networks as free Dirichlet regions for the Monge-Kantorovich problem // Ann. Sc. Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. — 2003. — V. II – P. 631-678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Optimal transportation networks as free Dirichlet regions for the Monge-Kantorovich problem // Ann. Sc. Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. — 2003. — V. II – P. 631-678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Transport density in Monge-Kantorovich problems with Dirichlet conditions // Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. — 2005. — V. 13, No. 4. — P. 607-628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buttazzo G., Stepanov E. Transport density in Monge-Kantorovich problems with Dirichlet conditions // Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. — 2005. — V. 13, No. 4. — P. 607-628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. New problems on minimizing movements. In boundary value problems for partial differential equations // Res. Notes Appl. Math. — 1993. — V. 29. — P. 81-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. New problems on minimizing movements. In boundary value problems for partial differential equations // Res. Notes Appl. Math. — 1993. — V. 29. — P. 81-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu X. Y. Branching time estimates in quasi static evolution for the average distance functional, Preprint on CVGMT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu X. Y. Branching time estimates in quasi static evolution for the average distance functional, Preprint on CVGMT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
