<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pre-chromatography crude separation of light fullerenes by poly-termical (re)crystallization method</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">keskinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Charykov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashkin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technological University);&#13;
ILIP Ltd. (Innovations of Leningrad Universities and Enterprises)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">ILIP Ltd. (Innovations of Leningrad Universities and Enterprises);&#13;
Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technological University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="en">ILIP Ltd. (Innovations of Leningrad Universities and Enterprises)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University;&#13;
ILIP Ltd. (Innovations of Leningrad Universities and Enterprises)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Keskinov V.A., Charykov N.A., Keskinova M.V., Murashkin Y.V., Blokhin A.A., Semenov K.N., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Keskinov V.A., Charykov N.A., Keskinova M.V., Murashkin Y.V., Blokhin A.A., Semenov K.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Keskinov V.A., Charykov N.A., Keskinova M.V., Murashkin Y.V., Blokhin A.A., Semenov K.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1295">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1295</self-uri><abstract><p> The pre-chromatography method of crude separation of light fullerenes (C60 and C70) is based on multistage processes of (re)crystallization — the solution of fullerenes solid solutions in liquid solvent (o-xylene) or in liquid o-xylene solutions at high temperature (85 ˚ C) and crystallization of solid solutions from saturated liquid solutions at low temperature (–20 ˚ C). As a result, for example, the initial standard fullerene extract may be efficiently divided into two different solid solutions — the first, considerably enriched in C60 fullerene and the second, considerably enriched by the C70 fullerene. In this separation process, the concentrate enriched by C60, is also enriched in C84. In that process, 98.6 mass % of C60 was contained in the C60- enriched concentrate (from the sum content of C60 in the initial extract), simultaneously, 65.9 mass % of C70 contained in the C70-enriched concentrate (from the sum content of C70 in the initial extract).</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>light fullerenes</kwd><kwd>heavy fullerenes</kwd><kwd>o-xylene</kwd><kwd>separation</kwd><kwd>solution</kwd><kwd>(re)crystallization</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>counter-current</kwd><kwd>pre-chromatography</kwd><kwd>high efficiency</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by Russian Found of Fundamental Researches — RFFI (Project No ¯ 09-03-00350—a).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorov L. N., Yurovskaya M. A. , et al. Fullerenes. Ekzamen, Moscow, 688 pp. (2005).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorov L. N., Yurovskaya M. A. , et al. Fullerenes. Ekzamen, Moscow, 688 pp. (2005).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charykov N. A., Zuev V. V., Kuznetsova E. A. High-efficiency complex for fullerenes production. Petersburg Electronics Journal, 4, P. 16–31 (2007).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charykov N. A., Zuev V. V., Kuznetsova E. A. High-efficiency complex for fullerenes production. Petersburg Electronics Journal, 4, P. 16–31 (2007).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermilov N. N., Charykov N. A., et al. Nanotechnology — from theory to practical application. Journal of Innovations (rus.), 12, P. 79–83 (2007).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermilov N. N., Charykov N. A., et al. Nanotechnology — from theory to practical application. Journal of Innovations (rus.), 12, P. 79–83 (2007).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tour J. M., Scrivens W. A., Bedworth P. V. Purification of fullerenes. United States Patent 5662876, C01B 31/00 (1997).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tour J. M., Scrivens W. A., Bedworth P. V. Purification of fullerenes. United States Patent 5662876, C01B 31/00 (1997).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng Ka Ming. Separation of fullerene C60 and C70 using crystallization. United States Patent 7875086, B01D 9/00 (2011).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ng Ka Ming. Separation of fullerene C60 and C70 using crystallization. United States Patent 7875086, B01D 9/00 (2011).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolstren N. N., Ojchenko V. M., Olejnik S. V. Method of obtaining fullerene C60. Patent RF 2327635, C01B 31/02 (2008).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolstren N. N., Ojchenko V. M., Olejnik S. V. Method of obtaining fullerene C60. Patent RF 2327635, C01B 31/02 (2008).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glushko Yu. S., Sedov V. P., Kolesnik S. G. Method of producing fullerene C60. Patent RF 2456233, C01B 31/02 (2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushko Yu. S., Sedov V. P., Kolesnik S. G. Method of producing fullerene C60. Patent RF 2456233, C01B 31/02 (2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedov V. P., Kolesnik S. G. Method of producing fullerene C70. Patent RF 2455230, C01B 31/02 (2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedov V. P., Kolesnik S. G. Method of producing fullerene C70. Patent RF 2455230, C01B 31/02 (2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blokhin A. A., Keskinov V. A.,Murashkin Yu. V. , et al. Method for chromatographic separation of fullerenes. Patent RF 2302372, C01B 31/02 (2007).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blokhin A. A., Keskinov V. A.,Murashkin Yu. V. , et al. Method for chromatographic separation of fullerenes. Patent RF 2302372, C01B 31/02 (2007).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsetskova L. V., Keskinov V. A., Charykov N. A., et al. Extraction of Fullerene Mixture from Fullerene Soot with Organic Solvents. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 5, P. 920–926 (2011).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsetskova L. V., Keskinov V. A., Charykov N. A., et al. Extraction of Fullerene Mixture from Fullerene Soot with Organic Solvents. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 5, P. 920–926 (2011).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenov K. N. Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents. Ph.D. Dissertation (Chem.Sci), St. Petersburg, 173 pp. (2009).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov K. N. Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents. Ph.D. Dissertation (Chem.Sci), St. Petersburg, 173 pp. (2009).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenov K. N., Charykov N. A. Solubility of Light Fullerenes and Derivatives. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Saarbr¨ ucken, Germany, 238 pp. (2011).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov K. N., Charykov N. A. Solubility of Light Fullerenes and Derivatives. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Saarbr¨ ucken, Germany, 238 pp. (2011).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenov K. N., Charykov N. A., Keskinov V. A., et al. Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, P. 13–36 (2010).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov K. N., Charykov N. A., Keskinov V. A., et al. Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, P. 13–36 (2010).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arapov O. V., Aksel’rod B. M., Pronkin A. A., et al. Solubility in the fullerene C60-fullerene C70-o-C6H4(CH3)2 system. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 76(1), P. 33–36 (2003).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arapov O. V., Aksel’rod B. M., Pronkin A. A., et al. Solubility in the fullerene C60-fullerene C70-o-C6H4(CH3)2 system. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 76(1), P. 33–36 (2003).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponomarev A. N., Aksel’rod B. M., Barchenko V. T., et al. Solution-solid phase equilibria in the fullerene C60-fullerene C70-C6H5CH3 and fullerene C60-fullerene C70-o-C6H4(CH3)2 systems at 25 and 80 ˚ C, respectively. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 74(12), P. 1942–1945 (2000).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarev A. N., Aksel’rod B. M., Barchenko V. T., et al. Solution-solid phase equilibria in the fullerene C60-fullerene C70-C6H5CH3 and fullerene C60-fullerene C70-o-C6H4(CH3)2 systems at 25 and 80 ˚ C, respectively. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 74(12), P. 1942–1945 (2000).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gruzinskaya E. A., Keskinov V. A., Keskinova M. V., et al. Fullerene soot Produced by Electric Arch. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 3(6), P. 83–90 (2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gruzinskaya E. A., Keskinov V. A., Keskinova M. V., et al. Fullerene soot Produced by Electric Arch. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 3(6), P. 83–90 (2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
