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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1322</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sub-doppler laser cooling of thulium atoms in a magneto-optical trap and trapping thulium atoms in a magnetic trap with low gradient of magnetic field.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Субдоплеровское лазерное охлаждение атомов тулия в магнито-оптической ловушке и магнитное удержание атомов тулия в низкоградиентной магнитной ловушке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сукачев</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukachev</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sukachev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колачевский</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolachevsky</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калганова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalganova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Физический институт им. П. Н. Лебедева Российской академии наук; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Московский физико-технический институт (государственный университет)»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sukachev D.D., Sokolov A.V., Kolachevsky N.N., Kalganova E.S., Akimov A.V., Sorokin V.N., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сукачев Д.Д., Соколов А.В., Колачевский Н.Н., Калганова Е.С., Акимов А.В., Сорокин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukachev D.D., Sokolov A.V., Kolachevsky N.N., Kalganova E.S., Akimov A.V., Sorokin V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1322">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1322</self-uri><abstract><p>We have studied sub-Doppler laser cooling of thulium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) operated at 410.6 nm. Without any additional sub-Doppler cooling cycles the sub-Doppler temperature of 25(5) microK have been achieved (the number of atoms was 3 x 106). This temperature is one order of magnitude lower than the Doppler limit for used transition (240 microK). The high efficiency of sub-Doppler cooling is accounted for by equality of Lande g-factors of high and lower levels of cooling transition. We have implemented trapping of ultracold thulium atoms in a magnetic trap (MT) formed by a MOT quadruple magnetic field (field gradient is about 20 G/cm). Loading of MT has been performed from the cloud contained thulim atoms previously cooled in the MOT down to the sub-Doppler temperature of 80 microK. About atom have been trapped in MT at the temperature 40 microK. By analysing MTpopulation decay process the lifetime has been determined (0.5 s) and the constrain on the rate constant of inelastic binary collision of spin-polarized thulim atoms in the ground state (cms) has been imposed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Экспериментально исследован процесс субдоплеровского охлаждения атомов тулия в магнито-оптической ловушке (МОЛ), работающей на длине волны 410,6 нм. Без применения специального цикла субдоплеровского охлаждения достигнута температура 25(5) мкК при числе атомов 3×106, что существенно ниже доплеровского предела для данного перехода (240 мкК). Высокая эффективность субдоплеровского охлаждения обуславливается близкими значениями g-факторов Ланде нижнего и верхнего уровней, задействованных в процессе лазерного охлаждения. Осуществлен захват ультрахолодных атомов тулия в магнитную ловушку (МЛ), об    разованную квадрупольным магнитным полем МОЛ (градиент поля 20 Гс/см). Загрузка атомов в МЛ осуществлена из облака, содержащего 4 × 105 атомов, предварительно охлажденных в МОЛ до субдоплеровской температуры 80 мкК. В МЛ захвачено 4 × 104 атомов при температуре 40 мкК. По характеру распада населенности в ловушке определено время жизни (0,5 с) и наложено ограничение на константу скорости неупругих бинарных столкновений спин-поляризованных атомов тулия в основном состоянии 𝑔𝑖𝑛 &lt; 10−11 см3с−1.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазерное охлаждение</kwd><kwd>магнито-оптическая ловушка</kwd><kwd>магнитная квадрупольная ловушка</kwd><kwd>магнитное диполь-дипольное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>атом тулия</kwd><kwd>суб-доплеровское охлаждение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser cooling</kwd><kwd>magneto-optical trap</kwd><kwd>magnetic quadruple trap</kwd><kwd>magnetic dipole-dipole interaction</kwd><kwd>thulium atom</kwd><kwd>sub-Doppler laser cooling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки научных исследований молодых российских ученых — докторов наук (МД-669.2011.8), РФФИ (грант 12-02-01266-а) и Программы фундаментальных исследований Президиума РАН «Экстремальные световые поля и их приложения».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sukachev D., Sokolov A., Chebakov K. et al., Magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms // Phys. 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