najoNanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, MathematicsНаносистемы: физика, химия, математика2220-80542305-7971Университет ИТМО10.17586/2220-8054-2026-17-1-26-33najo-1476Research ArticlePHYSICSФИЗИКАTheoretical analysis of chirped pulse effects on plasma formation in water liquid jetТеоретический анализ влияния чирпированных импульсов на формирование плазмы в струе водыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2820-5379ХилалШ.HilalSh.

Shireen Hilal

St. Petersburg

shireenhilal@itmo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-2966ИсмагиловА. О.IsmagilovA. O.

Azat O. Ismagilov

St. Petersburg

ismagilov.azat@itmo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-1116ЦыпкинА. Н.TcypkinA. N.

Anton N. Tsypkin

St. Petersburg

tsypkinan@itmo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-0659МельникМ. В.MelnikM. V.

Maksim V. Melnik

St. Petersburg

mmelnik@itmo.ruSaint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and OpticsRussian Federation2026040320261712633Copyright © Hilal S., Ismagilov A.O., Tcypkin A.N., Melnik M.V., 20262026Хилал Ш., Исмагилов А.О., Цыпкин А.Н., Мельник М.В.Hilal S., Ismagilov A.O., Tcypkin A.N., Melnik M.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1476

We present a theoretical study of how linear chirp controls plasma density in a water jet using a two-stage framework. Stage I solves carrier-population and current equations at a single point, driven by a chirped super-Gaussian pulse. By fixing bandwidth and normalizing for intensity, we isolate a chirp-only response of plasma density, which exceeds unity and shows a consistent advantage for negative over positive chirp. Stage II propagates the field in water via the angular-spectrum method and applies the same equations across space. Normal dispersion reverses the trend: the chirp-only plasma density decreases as chirp grows, negative chirp remains less detrimental, and suppression is strongest for longer FTL pulses (e.g., 80 fs) due to dispersion-induced temporal spreading and spatio-temporal desynchronization. This study separates spectralphase effects from bandwidth and intensity, yields testable predictions for water jets, and provides a foundation for future experiments and self-consistent propagation models.

В работе представлен теоретический анализ влияния линейного чирпа лазерного импульса на плотность плазмы в струе воды в рамках двухэтапной модели. На первом этапе решается система уравнений для плотности носителей и плотности тока в одной пространственной точке при воздействии чирпированного супергaуссовского импульса. При фиксированной спектральной ширине и нормировке по интенсивности выделяется чисто вклад чирпа в формирование плазмы, при котором относительная плотность плазмы превышает единицу и демонстрирует устойчивое преимущество отрицательного чирпа по сравнению с положительным. На втором этапе моделируется распространение оптического поля в воде методом углового спектра с применением той же системы уравнений во всём пространстве. Учет нормальной дисперсии приводит к изменению наблюдаемой тенденции: плотность плазмы, обусловленная исключительно чирпом, уменьшается с ростом величины чирпа, при этом отрицательный чирп демонстрирует больше значения, чем положительный. Наиболее сильное уменьшение вклада наблюдается для длинных нечерпированных импульсов (например, 80 фс), что связано с дисперсионным временным расплыванием и пространственно-временной рассинхронизацией поля. Полученные результаты позволяют отделить эффект влияния спектральной фазы от спектральной ширины и интенсивности, формируют проверяемые предсказания для водяных струй и создают основу для будущих экспериментальных исследований и самосогласованных моделей распространения.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.