najoNanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, MathematicsНаносистемы: физика, химия, математика2220-80542305-7971Университет ИТМО10.17586/2220-8054-2026-17-1-39-45najo-1685Research ArticlePHYSICSФИЗИКАPulsed phase modulation with harmonic electric control signal for quantum key distribution implementationsИмпульсная фазовая модуляция с гармоническим электрическим управляющим сигналом для реализаций квантового распределения ключейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-9285ГайдашА. А.GaidashA. A.

Andrei A. Gaidash

199178, 59-1-B6th line of Vasilievsky island, Saint Petersburg

3b Kadetskaya Line, 199034, Saint Petersburg

andrewdgk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-8818МирошниченкоГ. П.MiroshnichenkoG. P.

George P. Miroshnichenko

3b Kadetskaya Line, 199034 Saint Petersburg

gpmirosh@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-5406КозубовА. В.KozubovA. V.

Anton V.Kozubov

199178,59-1-B 6th line of Vasilievsky island, Saint Petersburg

3b Kadetskaya Line, 199034 Saint Petersburg

avkozubov@itmo.ruSMARTS-Quanttelecom LLC; ITMO UniversityRussian FederationITMO UniversityRussian Federation2026040320261713945Copyright © Gaidash A.A., Miroshnichenko G.P., Kozubov A.V., 20262026Гайдаш А.А., Мирошниченко Г.П., Козубов А.В.Gaidash A.A., Miroshnichenko G.P., Kozubov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1685

In this work, we investigate an alternative approach to phase modulation for information encoding and decoding in quantum key distribution systems. Specifically, we propose pulsed phase modulation, i.e. it has an envelope in addition to previously considered only harmonic temporal behavior of modulation index (depth), as a replacement for the conventional use of both intensity and phase modulators, which enables a more compact and cost-effective optical design. We further analyze how the principal parameters of this scheme affect the interference observed at the receiver and, consequently, their contribution to the quantum bit error rate in a subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution implementation.

В данной работе мы исследуем альтернативный подход к фазовой модуляции для кодирования и декодирования информации в системах квантового распределения ключей. В частности, мы предлагаем импульсную фазовую модуляцию, то есть модуляцию с временной огибающей в дополнение к ранее рассматриваемому только гармоническому временному поведению индекса модуляции (глубины модуляции), в качестве замены традиционного использования как модуляторов интенсивности, так и фазовых модуляторов, что позволяет создать более компактную и экономичную оптическую схему. Мы также анализируем, как основные неидеальности этой схемы влияют на помехи, наблюдаемые на приемной стороне, и, следовательно, на их вклад в уровень ошибок при реализации квантового распределения ключей на основе боковых частот фазомодулированного излучения.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.