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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2026-17-2-179-186</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1758</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Critical mass ratio and phase transition in three-particle lattice systems: comparison of bosonic and fermionic cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Критическое отношение масс и фазовый переход в трёхчастичных решёточных системах: сравнение бозонного и фермионного случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3315-8357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>J. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Janikul I. Abdullaev </p><p>15, University bul., Samarkand, 140129 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jabdullaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9357-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эшниязов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eshniyozov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdumalik I. Eshniyozov </p><p>4th block of flats, Gulistan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eshniyozovabdumalik75@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-7831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Dolgopolov </p><p>244, Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443100 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvdolg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Samarkand State University named after Sharaf Rashidov</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Gulistan State University</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Samara State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Abdullaev J.I., Eshniyozov A.I., Dolgopolov M.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев Д.И., Эшниязов А.И., Долгополов М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdullaev J.I., Eshniyozov A.I., Dolgopolov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1758">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1758</self-uri><abstract><p>We study three-particle Schrödinger operators on the two-dimensional lattice Z2 and show that a critical mass ratio γc ≈ 2.75194 governs the existence of a bound trimer in the fermionic 2 + 1 configuration (two identical fermions and a third particle). For γ &lt; γc there is a topological prohibition (Pauli suppression) of a three-body bound state, whereas for γ &gt; γc a doubly degenerate eigenvalue emerges below the essential spectrum with the strong-coupling asymptotics z(γ, λ) = −λ+e0(γ)+O(λ−1). Within a unified framework based on the Birman–Schwinger principle and strong-coupling asymptotic analysis, we compare this behaviour with the bosonic case of three identical particles, where two bound states exist below the essential spectrum and the ground-state energy satisfies z1s(µ) = −3µ + C2 + O(µ−1). The resulting second-order phase transition with respect to the mass ratio γ is relevant for the design of experiments on fermionic trimers in optical lattices and for modelling excitonic complexes and defect-bound states in two-dimensional nanomaterials, where the critical value γc serves as a design guideline for the observability of three-body bound states. We also outline a modified three-particle lattice model with two competing interaction channels, for which the Birman–Schwinger analysis naturally leads to a Landau-type scenario of a first-order phase transition in the space of trimer bound states. In the bosonic case we prove a strong-coupling theorem describing the existence and asymptotics of trimer bound states, while in the fermionic 2+1 case we establish a spectral phase-transition theorem that identifies an explicit critical mass ratio γc separating the trimer and non-trimer regimes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мы изучаем трёхчастичные операторы Шрёдингера на двумерной решётке Z2 и показываем, что критическое отношение масс γc ≈ 2.75194 определяет существование связанного тримера в фермионной 2+1 конфигурации (два тождественных фермиона и третья частица). При γ &lt; γc имеется топологическое запрещение (подавление Паули) трёхчастичного связанного состояния, тогда как при γ &lt; γc возникает дважды вырожденное собственное значение ниже существенного спектра с асимптотикой сильной связи z(γ, λ) = −λ+e0(γ)+O(λ−1). В рамках единого подхода, основанного на принципе Бирмана–Швингера и асимптотическом анализе в режиме сильной связи, мы сравниваем это поведение с бозонным случаем трёх тождественных частиц, где два связанных состояния существуют ниже существенного спектра и энергия основного состояния удовлетворяет z1s(µ) = −3µ + C2 + O(µ−1). Возникающий фазовый переход второго рода по отношению масс  важен для планирования экспериментов по фермионным тримерам в оптических решётках и для моделирования экситонных комплексов и дефектно-связанных состояний в двумерных наноматериалах, где критическое значение γc служит ориентиром для наблюдаемости трёхчастичных связанных состояний. Мы также намечаем модифицированную трёхчастичную решёточную модель с двумя конкурирующими каналами взаимодействия, для которой анализ Бирмана–Швингера естественным образом приводит к сценарию Ландау фазового перехода первого рода в пространстве тримерных связанных состояний. В бозонном случае мы доказываем теорему о сильной связи, описывающую существование и асимптотику тримерных связанных состояний, а в фермионном 2+1 случае устанавливаем теорему о спектральном фазовом переходе, которая даёт явное критическое отношение масс γc, разделяющее тримерный и бестримерный режимы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трёхчастичный оператор Шрёдингера</kwd><kwd>решёточные системы</kwd><kwd>связанные состояния</kwd><kwd>бозоны</kwd><kwd>фермионы</kwd><kwd>критическое отношение масс</kwd><kwd>фазовый переход</kwd><kwd>принцип Бирмана–Швингера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>three-particle Schrödinger operator</kwd><kwd>lattice systems</kwd><kwd>bound states</kwd><kwd>bosons</kwd><kwd>fermions</kwd><kwd>critical mass ratio</kwd><kwd>phase transition</kwd><kwd>Birman–Schwinger principle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloch I., Dalibard J., Zwerger W. 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