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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2026-17-3-317-326</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-1839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Molecular modeling viscosity of hybrid nanofluids with carbon nanotubes and copper nanoparticles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярное моделирование вязкости гибридных наножидкостей с углеродными нанотрубками и медными наночастицами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-4548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудяк</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudyak</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery Ya. Rudyak</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valery.rudyak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-7326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснолуцкий</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnolutskii</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Krasnolutskii</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergius-l@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-0781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лежнев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lezhnev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy V. Lezhnev</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lionlev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-8680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рафальская</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rafalskaya</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Rafalskaya</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rafalskaya.ta@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>317</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Rudyak V.Y., Krasnolutskii S.L., Lezhnev E.V., Rafalskaya T.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рудяк В.Я., Краснолуцкий С.Л., Лежнев Е.В., Рафальская Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudyak V.Y., Krasnolutskii S.L., Lezhnev E.V., Rafalskaya T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1839">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/1839</self-uri><abstract><p>Molecular dynamics method was used to study the viscosity coefficients of benzene-based hybrid nanofluids with single wall carbon nanotubes and copper nanoparticles. The dependence of the viscosity of these nanofluids on the concentration of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, as well as on their morphology was studied. It was shown that viscosity of all the studied nanofluids is significantly higher than that of the base fluid and conventional coarse-dispersed fluids. The viscosity coefficient of nanofluid with carbon nanotubes at a given concentration increases with increasing their length (aspect ratio). At equal concentrations, the viscosity of hybrid nanofluids significantly exceeds the viscosity of nanofluid with nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes and increases with decreasing in nanoparticle size. One of the principal factors responsible for the observed increase in the viscosity of nanofluid is the structuring of the base fluid molecules near the nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Методом молекулярной динамики изучены коэффициенты вязкости гибридных наножидкостей на основе бензола с одностенными углеродными нанотрубками и наночастицами меди. Исследована зависимость вязкости этих наножидкостей от концентрации углеродных нанотрубок и наночастиц, а также от их морфологии. Показано, что вязкость всех исследованных наножидкостей значительно выше, чем у базовой жидкости и обычных крупнодисперсных жидкостей. Коэффициент вязкости наножидкости с углеродными нанотрубками при заданной концентрации увеличивается с увеличением их длины. При одинаковых концентрациях вязкость гибридных наножидкостей значительно превышает вязкость наножидкости с наночастицами или углеродными нанотрубками и увеличивается с уменьшением размера наночастиц. Одним из основных факторов, ответственных за наблюдаемое увеличение вязкости наножидкости, является структурирование молекул базовой жидкости вблизи наночастиц или углеродных нанотрубок.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вязкость</kwd><kwd>гибридные наножидкости</kwd><kwd>метод молекулярной динамики</kwd><kwd>наножидкости</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>структура наножидкости</kwd><kwd>углеродные нанотрубки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carbon nanotube</kwd><kwd>hybrid nanofluids</kwd><kwd>molecular dynamics method</kwd><kwd>nanofluids</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>structure of nanofluid</kwd><kwd>viscosity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J., Zhang X., Xu B., Yuan V. Nanofluid research and applications: a review. Int. Com. 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