<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2023-14-1-59-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Increase of signal to reference ratio for phase compensation in continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Увеличение соотношения сигнальных и опорных импульсов при фазовой компенсации в системах квантового распределения ключа на непрерывных переменных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7370-4450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Федор Михайлович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor Mikhailovich Goncharov –</p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedor_goncharov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-2614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушин</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervushin</surname><given-names>B. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Первушин Борис Александрович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris Evgenevich Pervushin –</p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borispervushin@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-8616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наседкин</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasedkin</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наседкин Борис Александрович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris Aleksandrovich Nasedkin – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">banasedkin@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-8900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Роман Константинович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman Konstantinovich Goncharov – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rkgoncharov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-0578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яшин Даниил Александрович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil Aleksandrovich Yashin – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dayashin@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-7052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геллерт</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gellert</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геллерт Михаил Евгеньевич,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Evgenevich Gellert – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihailgellert@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-0697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулимов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sulimov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сулимов Данил Васильевич,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil Vasilevich Sulimov – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvsulimov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-3506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Полина Алексеевна,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina Alekseevna Morozova –</p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">283021@edu.itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-8284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филипов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filipov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филипов Илья Максимович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Maksimovich Filipov –</p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imfilipov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-0040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адам</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adam</surname><given-names>Iu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адам Юрий Александрович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iurii Alexandrovich Adam – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adam_yura@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-3490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistiakov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чистяков Владимир Викторович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Viktorovich Chistiakov – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_chistyakov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-6603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>Э. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсонов Эдуард Олегович,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard Olegovich Samsonov – </p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eosamsonov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-0261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егоров Владимир Ильич,</p><p>г. С-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Ilyich Egorov –</p><p>49, bldg. A, Kronverksky Pr., Saint Petersburg, 197101.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viegorov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Goncharov F.M., Pervushin B.E., Nasedkin B.A., Goncharov R.K., Yashin D.A., Gellert M.E., Sulimov D.V., Morozova P.A., Filipov I.M., Adam I.A., Chistiakov V.V., Samsonov E.O., Egorov V.I., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Ф.М., Первушин Б.А., Наседкин Б.А., Гончаров Р.К., Яшин Д.А., Геллерт М.Е., Сулимов Д.В., Морозова П.А., Филипов И.М., Адам Ю.А., Чистяков В.В., Самсонов Э.О., Егоров В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov F.M., Pervushin B.E., Nasedkin B.A., Goncharov R.K., Yashin D.A., Gellert M.E., Sulimov D.V., Morozova P.A., Filipov I.M., Adam I.A., Chistiakov V.V., Samsonov E.O., Egorov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/189">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/189</self-uri><abstract><p>Continuous variables quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems are a promising direction for quantum communications. Coherent detection, which is the basis of CV-QKD, requires taking into consideration and compensating phase distortions. Phase compensation algorithms rely on using reference pulses for phase drift estimation and correcting signal quadratures. The ratio of the number of reference pulses to that of the signal ones, affects the accuracy of the phase compensation algorithm. On the other hand, it influences the secure key rate (SKR). The paper considers the effect of the reference to signal ratio on the SKR, and proposes a modification of the phase compensation algorithm, which allows using a smaller number of references at a pulse repetition frequency close to that of the system phase noise, which results in increasing SKR. We also propose a method for estimating the phase noise in the system for selection of the optimal signal to reference ratio.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Квантовое распределения ключа на непрерывных переменных (КРК НП) является перспективным направлением развития квантовых коммуникаций. Для протоколов КРК НП применяется когерентное детектирование, которое обуславливает необходимость учета и компенсации фазовых шумов. Алгоритмы фазовой компенсации используют опорные импульсы для определения дрейфа фазы и корректировки сигнальных квадратур. Соотношение числа сигнальных и опорных импульсов влияет на точность проведения фазовой компенсации. С другой стороны, оно также влияет на скорость генерации секретного ключа (СГСК). В настоящей работе рассматривается влияние соотношения сигнальных и опорных импульсов на СГСК, а также предлагается улучшение алгоритма фазовой компенсации, позволяющее использовать меньшую частоту опорных импульсов, близкую к частотам фазового шума системы, что позволяет увеличить СГСК. Кроме того, в работе приводится метод оценки фазового шума системы КРК НП, дающий возможность выбирать оптимальное соотношение сигнальных и опорных импульсов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Квантовое распределение ключа на непрерывных переменных</kwd><kwd>квантовые коммуникации</kwd><kwd>фазовый шум</kwd><kwd>фазовая компенсация</kwd><kwd>алгоритм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>continuous-variable quantum key distribution</kwd><kwd>quantum communications</kwd><kwd>phase noise</kwd><kwd>phase compensation</kwd><kwd>algorithm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was completed by the Leading Research Center “National Center for Quantum Internet” of ITMO University by order of JSCo Russian Railways. This research was funded by JSCo Russian Railways.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleim A.V., Egorov V.I., Nazarov Yu.V., Smirnov S.V., Chistyakov V.V., Bannik O.I., Anisimov A.A., Kynev S.M., Ivanova A.E., Collins R.J., et al. Secure polarization-independent subcarrier quantum key distribution in optical fiber channel using BB84 protocol with a strong reference. Optics express, 2016, 24 (3), P. 2619–2633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleim A.V., Egorov V.I., Nazarov Yu.V., Smirnov S.V., Chistyakov V.V., Bannik O.I., Anisimov A.A., Kynev S.M., Ivanova A.E., Collins R.J., et al. Secure polarization-independent subcarrier quantum key distribution in optical fiber channel using BB84 protocol with a strong reference. Optics express, 2016, 24 (3), P. 2619–2633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goncharov R., Vorontsova I., Kirichenko D., Filipov I., Adam I., Chistiakov V., Smirnov S., Nasedkin B., Pervushin B., Kargina D., et al. The rationale for the optimal continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol. Optics, 2022, 3 (4), P. 338–351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharov R., Vorontsova I., Kirichenko D., Filipov I., Adam I., Chistiakov V., Smirnov S., Nasedkin B., Pervushin B., Kargina D., et al. The rationale for the optimal continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol. Optics, 2022, 3 (4), P. 338–351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirano T., Yamanaka H., Ashikaga M., Konishi T., Namiki R. Quantum cryptography using pulsed homodyne detection. Physical review A, 2003, 68 (4), 042331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirano T., Yamanaka H., Ashikaga M., Konishi T., Namiki R. Quantum cryptography using pulsed homodyne detection. Physical review A, 2003, 68 (4), 042331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jouguet P., Kunz-Jacques S., Diamanti E. Preventing calibration attacks on the local oscillator in continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Physical Review A, 2013, 87 (6), 062313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jouguet P., Kunz-Jacques S., Diamanti E. Preventing calibration attacks on the local oscillator in continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Physical Review A, 2013, 87 (6), 062313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T., Huang P., Zhou Y., Liu W., Ma H., Wang S., Zeng G. High key rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a real local oscillator. Optics express, 2018, 26 (3), P. 2794–2806.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T., Huang P., Zhou Y., Liu W., Ma H., Wang S., Zeng G. High key rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a real local oscillator. Optics express, 2018, 26 (3), P. 2794–2806.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shao Y., Wang H., Pi Y., Huang W., Li Y., Liu J., Yang J., Zhang Y., Xu B. Phase noise model for continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a local local oscillator. Physical Review A, 2021, 104 (3), 032608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shao Y., Wang H., Pi Y., Huang W., Li Y., Liu J., Yang J., Zhang Y., Xu B. Phase noise model for continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a local local oscillator. Physical Review A, 2021, 104 (3), 032608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soh D.B.S., Brif C., Coles P.J., Lutkenhaus N., Camacho R.M., Urayama J., Sarovar M. Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distri-¨ bution protocol. Physical Review X, 2015, 5 (4), P. 1–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soh D.B.S., Brif C., Coles P.J., Lutkenhaus N., Camacho R.M., Urayama J., Sarovar M. Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distri-¨ bution protocol. Physical Review X, 2015, 5 (4), P. 1–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren S., Yang S., Wonfor A., White I., Penty R. Demonstration of high-speed and low-complexity continuous variable quantum key distribution system with local local oscillator. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1), P. 1–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren S., Yang S., Wonfor A., White I., Penty R. Demonstration of high-speed and low-complexity continuous variable quantum key distribution system with local local oscillator. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1), P. 1–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weedbrook C., Lance A.M., Bowen W.P., Symul T., Ralph T.C., Ping Koy Lam. Quantum cryptography without switching. Physical review letters, 2004, 93 (17), 170504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weedbrook C., Lance A.M., Bowen W.P., Symul T., Ralph T.C., Ping Koy Lam. Quantum cryptography without switching. Physical review letters, 2004, 93 (17), 170504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grosshans F., Van Assche G., Wenger J., Brouri R., Cerf N.J., Grangier P. Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states. Nature, 2003, 421 (6920), P. 238–241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grosshans F., Van Assche G., Wenger J., Brouri R., Cerf N.J., Grangier P. Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states. Nature, 2003, 421 (6920), P. 238–241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laudenbach F., Pacher C., Fung C.-H.F., Poppe A., Peev M., Schrenk B., Hentschel M., Walther P., Hubel H. Continuous-variable quantum key¨ distribution with gaussian modulation—the theory of practical implementations. Advanced Quantum Technologies, 2018, 1 (1), 1800011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laudenbach F., Pacher C., Fung C.-H.F., Poppe A., Peev M., Schrenk B., Hentschel M., Walther P., Hubel H. Continuous-variable quantum key¨ distribution with gaussian modulation—the theory of practical implementations. Advanced Quantum Technologies, 2018, 1 (1), 1800011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang D., Huang P., Lin D., Wang C., Zeng G. High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution without sending a local oscillator. Optics letters, 2015, 40 (16), P. 3695–3698.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang D., Huang P., Lin D., Wang C., Zeng G. High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution without sending a local oscillator. Optics letters, 2015, 40 (16), P. 3695–3698.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma X.-C., Sun S.-H., Jiang M.-S., Liang L.-M. Local oscillator fluctuation opens a loophole for eve in practical continuous-variable quantum-keydistribution systems. Physical Review A, 2013, 88 (2), 022339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma X.-C., Sun S.-H., Jiang M.-S., Liang L.-M. Local oscillator fluctuation opens a loophole for eve in practical continuous-variable quantum-keydistribution systems. Physical Review A, 2013, 88 (2), 022339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou M., Mao Y., Chen T.-Y. Phase estimation using homodyne detection for continuous variable quantum key distribution. J. of Applied Physics, 2019, 126 (6), 063105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou M., Mao Y., Chen T.-Y. Phase estimation using homodyne detection for continuous variable quantum key distribution. J. of Applied Physics, 2019, 126 (6), 063105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi B., Lougovski P., Pooser R., Grice W., Bobrek M. Generating the local oscillator “locally” in continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on coherent detection. Physical Review X, 2015, 5 (4), 041009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi B., Lougovski P., Pooser R., Grice W., Bobrek M. Generating the local oscillator “locally” in continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on coherent detection. Physical Review X, 2015, 5 (4), 041009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marie A., Alleaume R. Self-coherent phase reference sharing for continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Physical Review A, 2017, 95 (1), 012316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marie A., Alleaume R. Self-coherent phase reference sharing for continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Physical Review A, 2017, 95 (1), 012316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T., Huang P., Zhou Y., Liu W., Zeng G. Pilot-multiplexed continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a real local oscillator. Physical Review A, 2018, 97 (1), 012310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T., Huang P., Zhou Y., Liu W., Zeng G. Pilot-multiplexed continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a real local oscillator. Physical Review A, 2018, 97 (1), 012310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartolo R.E., Tveten A.B., Dandridge A. Thermal phase noise measurements in optical fiber interferometers. IEEE J. of Quantum Electronics, 2012, 48 (5), P. 720–727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartolo R.E., Tveten A.B., Dandridge A. Thermal phase noise measurements in optical fiber interferometers. IEEE J. of Quantum Electronics, 2012, 48 (5), P. 720–727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Wang Y., Yin Z., Chen W., Yang Y., Zhang T., Huang D., Wang S., Li F., Han Z. Real-time compensation of phase drift for phase-encoded quantum key distribution systems. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56 (22), P. 2305–2311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Wang Y., Yin Z., Chen W., Yang Y., Zhang T., Huang D., Wang S., Li F., Han Z. Real-time compensation of phase drift for phase-encoded quantum key distribution systems. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56 (22), P. 2305–2311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
