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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2022-13-2-192-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The joint effect of doping with tin(IV) and heat treatment on the transparency and conductivity of films based on titanium dioxide as photoelectrodes of sensitized solar cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>S. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">onm@mail.tsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalipova</surname><given-names>O. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yu-Wen</surname><given-names>Chen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozik</surname><given-names>V. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>National Research Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>National Central University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kuznetsova S..., Khalipova O..., Yu-Wen C., Kozik V..., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kuznetsova S..., Khalipova O..., Yu-Wen C., Kozik V...</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova S..., Khalipova O..., Yu-Wen C., Kozik V...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/230">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/230</self-uri><abstract><p>This study focuses on the preparation of transparent conducting TiO2 films with the addition of Sn(IV) by sol-gel method from film-forming solutions based on n-C4H9OH-(C4H9O)4Ti-SnCl4·5H2O at the temperature of 300-400 ◦C. Such films attract great attention because they can be used in flexible transparent photoanodes for the preparation of high effective sensitized solar cells. The morphology, phase composition, and optical properties of films were studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectral microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, and ellipsometry. The content of Sn(IV) influences the composition of films. The solid solution based on titanium dioxide with anatase structure is formed at a content of 5 mol.% Sn(IV); the films with a content of 10-30 mol.% Sn(IV) are the mixture of the TiO2:Sn solid solution and SnO2 with rutile structure. Regardless of the tin content, all films contain an amorphous TiO2·nH2O phase. The formation of oxide phases occurs through the stages of thermal destruction of Sn(OH)3Cl, tin acid, and burnout of butoxy groups of butoxytitanium(IV). The as-synthesized oxide films are uniform and continuity regardless of the tin content. An increase in the content of Sn(IV) in the composition of the films leads to an increase in their thickness from 48 to 105 nm and a decrease in the refractive index from 1.89 to 1.66. The minimum resistance value is characteristic for films that are the solid solution with an anatase structure and with an admixture of the amorphous phase of titanic acid. The surface resistance of the glass decreases by 108 times after deposition of the film based on TiO2 with 5 mol.% Sn(IV). Films based on TiO2 with 5 mol.% Sn(IV) are characterized by a higher transparency coefficient in the entire visible range of the spectrum (80-70%) and can be used in photoelectrode in dye-sensitized solar cells.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>film-forming solution</kwd><kwd>oxide composite film</kwd><kwd>tin oxide</kwd><kwd>titanium oxide</kwd><kwd>sol-gel method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abudayyeh O.K., Chavez A., Han S.M., Rounsaville B., Upadhyaya V. and Rohatgi A. Silver-carbon-nanotube composite metallization for increased durability of silicon solar cells against cell cracks. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 2021, 225, 111017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abudayyeh O.K., Chavez A., Han S.M., Rounsaville B., Upadhyaya V. and Rohatgi A. 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