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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2023-14-3-334-341</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-310</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Agglomeration of magnetite nanoparticles with citrate shell in an aqueous magnetic fluid</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Агломерация наночастиц магнетита с цитратной оболочкой в водной магнитной жидкости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-6216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плешаков</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleshakov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Pleshakov</p><p>26 Politechnicheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanple@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-1805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav A. Ryzhov</p><p>Gatchina, 188300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varyzhov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-2175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Я. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>Ya. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav Yu. Marchenko</p><p>Gatchina, 188300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">046_slava@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5368-6788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseniy A. Alekseev</p><p>29 Polytechnicheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arseniy.alekseev98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-9380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карсеева</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karseeva</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elina K. Karseeva</p><p>29 Polytechnicheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elina.nep@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-9155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неведомский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevedomskiy</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Nevedomskiy</p><p>26 Politechnicheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevedom@mail.ioffe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7894-1947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokof’ev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Prokof’ev</p><p>26 Politechnicheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.prokofyev@algo-spb.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Ioffe Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>334</fpage><lpage>341</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pleshakov I.V., Ryzhov V.A., Marchenko Y.Y., Alekseev A.A., Karseeva E.K., Nevedomskiy V.N., Prokof’ev A.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плешаков И.В., Рыжов В.А., Марченко Я.Я., Алексеев А.А., Карсеева Э.К., Неведомский В.Н., Прокофьев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pleshakov I.V., Ryzhov V.A., Marchenko Y.Y., Alekseev A.A., Karseeva E.K., Nevedomskiy V.N., Prokof’ev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/310">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/310</self-uri><abstract><p>In this work, the aggregation of nanoparticles in an aqueous colloidal solution of magnetite, stabilized by creating a citrate shell on the particle surface is studied. Electron microscopy and laser correlation spectroscopy were used as experimental methods. Optical measurements were carried out both at zero external magnetic field and in the fields differently oriented relative to the probing laser beam. It is shown that the samples tend to form large aggregates even without the application of the field, and in the case of its presence the behavior of these structures has features that distinguish them from other magnetic fluids.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе изучается агрегация наночастиц в водном коллоидном растворе магнетита, стабилизированном путем создания цитратной оболочки на поверхности частиц. В качестве экспериментальных методов использовались электронная микроскопия и лазерная корреляционная спектроскопия. Оптические измерения проводились как при нулевом внешнем магнитном поле, так и в полях, по-разному ориентированных относительно зондирующего лазерного луча. Показано, что образцы имеют тенденцию образовывать крупные агрегаты даже без приложения поля, а в случае его присутствия поведение этих структур имеет особенности, отличающие их от других магнитных жидкостей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитная жидкость</kwd><kwd>агрегация</kwd><kwd>стабилизация цитратом</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>лазерная корреляционная спектроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic fluid</kwd><kwd>aggregation</kwd><kwd>citrate stabilization</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>laser correlation spectroscopy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Socoliuc V., Avdeev M., Kuncser V., Turcu R., Tomb´acz E., Vekas L. Ferrofluids and bio-ferrofluids: looking back and stepping forward. 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