najoNanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, MathematicsНаносистемы: физика, химия, математика2220-80542305-7971Университет ИТМО10.17586/2220-8054-2024-15-2-184-191najo-33Research ArticlePHYSICSФИЗИКАQ-switched and mode-locked pulse generations with Ti3AlC2 absorberГенерация импульсов с модуляцией добротности и синхронизацией мод с помощью поглотителя Ti3AlC2https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9890-6926АльджунидС. З.З.AljunidS. Z.Z.

Альджунид Сайед Зиад З. 

Syed Ziad Z. Aljunid.

Kuala Lumpur 50603

22064743@siswa.um.edu.myhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-5695ГафарН. А.М.А.GhafarN. A.M. A.

Гафар Нурул Атира М.А.

Nurul Athirah M. A. Ghafar.

Kuala Lumpur 50603

athirahghafar97@gmail.comАхмадБ. А.AhmadB. A.

Ахмад Билал А.

Bilal A. Ahmad.

Al-Washash, 700921 Baghdad

belalanwer@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5938АпсариР.ApsariR.

Апсари Ретна.

Retna Apsari.

Surabaya (60115)

retna-a@fst.unair.ac.idhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-5853ХарунС. В.HarunS. W.

Харун Сулейман В. 

Sulaiman W. Harun.

Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Surabaya (60115) Indonesia

swharun@um.edu.myDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of MalayaMalaysiaDepartment of Communication Engineering, Al-Ma’moon University CollegeIraqDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga UniversityIndonesiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga UniversityMalaysia202431052025152184191Copyright © Aljunid S.Z., Ghafar N.A., Ahmad B.A., Apsari R., Harun S.W., 20252025Альджунид С.З., Гафар Н.А., Ахмад Б.А., Апсари Р., Харун С.В.Aljunid S.Z., Ghafar N.A., Ahmad B.A., Apsari R., Harun S.W.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/33

Exploring advanced saturable absorber (SA) materials that exhibit exceptional performance for achieving Q-switching and mode-locking operations remains a vibrant area of research in the field of fiber lasers. The remarkable optical nonlinearity, coupled with high thermal and chemical stability of MAX phase materials, positions them as promising candidates for high-performance SAs. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase as an effective material for Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser applications. The Ti3AlC2 film was synthesized through a straightforward and cost-effective casting method employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a host material. The SA was cleverly constructed from the film, utilizing a sandwich-structured fiber-ferrule platform, and seamlessly integrated into an Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) ring cavity. Initially, a stable Q-switched laser was realized at a center wavelength of 1531 nm. The repetition rate exhibited a commendable increase from 35.0 to 50.8 kHz, and the pulse width reduced from 6.58 to 3.40 µs as the pump power was adjusted within the range of 25.98 to 58.29 mW. Notably, the maximum output power of 2.49 mW and a pulse energy of 49.02 nJ were recorded at a pump power of 58.29 mW. Subsequently, an additional 200 m long single-mode fiber was added into a similar laser cavity, leading to the generation of a stable mode-locked laser at a threshold pump power of 81.37 mW, operating at a central wavelength of 1558.96 nm. The observed stable repetition rate of 969.3 kHz, coupled with a pulse duration of 300 ns, demonstrated robust performance as the pump power increased from 81.37 to 113.68 mW. These findings highlight the exceptional performance of Ti3AlC2 SA for both Q-switching and mode-locking applications. The versatility of these lasers makes them valuable for diverse applications, including micromachining of materials, frequency comb generation, and remote sensing.

Исследование современных материалов насыщающегося поглотителя (SA), которые демонстрируют исключительные характеристики для выполнения операций переключения добротности и синхронизации мод, остается динамичной областью исследований в области волоконных лазеров. Замечательная оптическая нелинейность в сочетании с высокой термической и химической стабильностью материалов фазы MAX делает их перспективными кандидатами на роль высокопроизводительных СА. В этом исследовании мы продемонстрировали потенциал фазы Ti3AlC2 MAX в качестве эффективного материала для применения в волоконных лазерах с модуляцией добротности и синхронизацией мод. Пленка Ti3AlC2 была синтезирована простым и экономичным методом литья с использованием поливинилового спирта (ПВС) в качестве основного материала. SA был умело сконструирован из пленки с использованием многослойной платформы с оптоволоконными наконечниками и легко интегрирован в кольцевой резонатор волоконного лазера, легированного эрбием (EDFL). Первоначально был реализован стабильный лазер с модуляцией добротности с центральной длиной волны 1531 нм. Частота повторения заметно увеличилась с 35,0 до 50,8 кГц, а длительность импульса уменьшилась с 6,58 до 3,40 мкс при регулировке мощности накачки в диапазоне от 25,98 до 58,29 мВт. Примечательно, что максимальная выходная мощность 2,49 мВт и энергия импульса 49,02 нДж были зафиксированы при мощности накачки 58,29 мВт. Впоследствии в аналогичный резонатор лазера было добавлено дополнительное одномодовое волокно длиной 200 м, что привело к генерации стабильного лазера с синхронизацией мод с пороговой мощностью накачки 81,37 мВт, работающего на центральной длине волны 1558,96 нм. Наблюдаемая стабильная частота следования 969,3 кГц в сочетании с длительностью импульса 300 нс продемонстрировала устойчивую работу при увеличении мощности накачки с 81,37 до 113,68 мВт. Эти результаты подчеркивают исключительные характеристики Ti3AlC2 SA как для приложений с модуляцией добротности, так и для синхронизации мод. Универсальность этих лазеров делает их ценными для различных применений, включая микрообработку материалов, генерацию гребенки частот и дистанционное зондирование.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.