<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2024-15-4-465-468</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-37</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Role of bulk and surface current carriers in resistivity of thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль объемных и поверхностных носителей тока в электросопротивлении тонких пленок топологического изолятора Bi2Se3</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-8720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перевалова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevalova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra N. Perevalova</p><p>620108 Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adomozhirova@imp.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-3839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan M. Fominykh</p><p>620108 Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdan.fominyh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-256X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy V. Chistyakov</p><p>620108 Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saddax@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-1789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Marchenkov</p><p>620108 Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">march@imp.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>465</fpage><lpage>468</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Perevalova A.N., Fominykh B.M., Chistyakov V.V., Marchenkov V.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перевалова А.Н., Фоминых Б.М., Чистяков В.В., Марченков В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perevalova A.N., Fominykh B.M., Chistyakov V.V., Marchenkov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/37">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/37</self-uri><abstract><p>The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films with thicknesses of 20 and 40 nm were measured in the temperature range from 4.2 to 80 K. Their resistivity was shown to depend on thickness. A method was proposed for “separation” of the bulk and surface resistivity of films, with the help of which corresponding estimates were made. It was demonstrated that the surface resistivity is more than two orders of magnitude less than the bulk resistivity at T = 4.2 K.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В интервале температур от 4.2 до 80 K измерены температурные зависимости электросопротивления тонких пленок топологического изолятора Bi2Se3 толщиной 20 и 40 нм. Показано, что их удельное сопротивление зависит от толщины. Предложена методика «разделения» вкладов объема и поверхности в электросопротивление пленок, с помощью которой сделаны соответствующие оценки. Продемонстрировано, что при Т = 4.2 K величина поверхностного электросопротивления более чем на 2 порядка меньше объемного.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонкие пленки</kwd><kwd>Bi2Se3</kwd><kwd>топологический изолятор</kwd><kwd>электросопротивление</kwd><kwd>объемный и поверхностный вклады</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thin films</kwd><kwd>Bi2Se3</kwd><kwd>topological insulator</kwd><kwd>electrical resistivity</kwd><kwd>bulk and surface resistivities</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin” No. 122021000036-3). The authors thank J. C. A. Huang for providing thin films and E. B. Marchenkova for assistance in their characterization.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert M.J. Topological electronics. Commun. Phys., 2021, 4, 70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert M.J. Topological electronics. Commun. Phys., 2021, 4, 70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He M., Sun H., He Q.L. Topological insulator: Spintronics and quantum computations. Front. Phys., 2019, 14, 43401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He M., Sun H., He Q.L. Topological insulator: Spintronics and quantum computations. Front. Phys., 2019, 14, 43401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasan M.Z., Kane C.L. Colloquium: Topological insulators. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2010, 82, 3045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasan M.Z., Kane C.L. Colloquium: Topological insulators. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2010, 82, 3045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi X.-L., Zhang S.-C. Topological insulators and superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2011, 83, P. 1057–1110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi X.-L., Zhang S.-C. Topological insulators and superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2011, 83, P. 1057–1110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao J., Yan B. First-principles calculations for topological quantum materials. Nat. Rev. Phys., 2021, 3, P. 283–297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao J., Yan B. First-principles calculations for topological quantum materials. Nat. Rev. Phys., 2021, 3, P. 283–297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Liu C.-X., Qi X.-L., Dai X., Fang Z., Zhang S.-C. Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nature Phys., 2009, 5, P. 438–442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Liu C.-X., Qi X.-L., Dai X., Fang Z., Zhang S.-C. Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nature Phys., 2009, 5, P. 438–442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia Y., Qian D., Hsieh D., Wray L., Pal A., Lin H., Bansil A., Grauer D., Hor Y.S., Cava R.J., Hasan M.Z. Observation of a large-gap topological insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nature Phys., 2009, 5, P. 398–402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xia Y., Qian D., Hsieh D., Wray L., Pal A., Lin H., Bansil A., Grauer D., Hor Y.S., Cava R.J., Hasan M.Z. Observation of a large-gap topological insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nature Phys., 2009, 5, P. 398–402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stepina N.P., Golyashov V.A., Nenashev A.V., Tereshchenko O.E., Kokh K.A., Kirienko V.V., Koptev E.S., Goldyreva E.S., Rybin M.G., Obraztsova E.D., Antonova I.V. Weak antilocalization to weak localization transition in Bi2Se3 films on graphene. Physica E, 2022, 135, 114969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepina N.P., Golyashov V.A., Nenashev A.V., Tereshchenko O.E., Kokh K.A., Kirienko V.V., Koptev E.S., Goldyreva E.S., Rybin M.G., Obraztsova E.D., Antonova I.V. Weak antilocalization to weak localization transition in Bi2Se3 films on graphene. Physica E, 2022, 135, 114969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W.J., Gao K.H., Li Z.Q. Thickness-dependent transport channels in topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films grown by magnetron sputtering. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 25291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W.J., Gao K.H., Li Z.Q. Thickness-dependent transport channels in topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films grown by magnetron sputtering. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 25291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan Z.-H., Vescovo E., Fedorov A.V., Gardner D., Lee Y.S., Chu S., Gu G.D., Valla T. Electronic structure of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: Evidence for a nearly full surface spin polarization. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106, 257004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan Z.-H., Vescovo E., Fedorov A.V., Gardner D., Lee Y.S., Chu S., Gu G.D., Valla T. Electronic structure of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: Evidence for a nearly full surface spin polarization. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106, 257004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao H., Tian J., Miotkowski I., Shen T., Hu J., Qiao S., Chen Y.P. Quantized Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in highly doped Bi2Se3: evidence for layered transport of bulk carriers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108, 216803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao H., Tian J., Miotkowski I., Shen T., Hu J., Qiao S., Chen Y.P. Quantized Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in highly doped Bi2Se3: evidence for layered transport of bulk carriers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108, 216803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vedeneev S.I. Quantum oscillations in three-dimensional topological insulators. Phys.-Usp., 2017, 60, 385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vedeneev S.I. Quantum oscillations in three-dimensional topological insulators. Phys.-Usp., 2017, 60, 385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinberg H., Gardner D.R., Lee Y.S., Jarillo-Herrero P. Surface state transport and ambipolar electric field effect in Bi2Se3 nanodevices. Nano Lett., 2010, 10, P. 5032–5036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinberg H., Gardner D.R., Lee Y.S., Jarillo-Herrero P. Surface state transport and ambipolar electric field effect in Bi2Se3 nanodevices. Nano Lett., 2010, 10, P. 5032–5036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchenkov V.V., Weber H.W., Cherepanov A.N., Startsev V.E. Experimental verification and quantitative analysis of the temperature (phonon) breakdown phenomenon in the high-field magnetoresistivity of compensated metals. J. Low Temp. Phys., 1996, 102, P. 133–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenkov V.V., Weber H.W., Cherepanov A.N., Startsev V.E. Experimental verification and quantitative analysis of the temperature (phonon) breakdown phenomenon in the high-field magnetoresistivity of compensated metals. J. Low Temp. Phys., 1996, 102, P. 133–155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He H.-T., Wang G., Zhang T., Sou I.-K., Wong G.K.L., Wang J.-N. Impurity effect on weak antilocalization in the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106, 166805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He H.-T., Wang G., Zhang T., Sou I.-K., Wong G.K.L., Wang J.-N. Impurity effect on weak antilocalization in the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106, 166805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le P.H., Wu K.H., Luo C.W., Leu J. Growth and characterization of topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films on SrTiO3 using pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films, 2013, 534, P. 659–665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le P.H., Wu K.H., Luo C.W., Leu J. Growth and characterization of topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films on SrTiO3 using pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films, 2013, 534, P. 659–665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao H., Tian J., Miotkowski I., Shen T., Hu J., Qiao S., Chen Y.P. Quantized Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in highly doped Bi2Se3: Evidence for layered transport of bulk carriers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108, 216803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao H., Tian J., Miotkowski I., Shen T., Hu J., Qiao S., Chen Y.P. Quantized Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in highly doped Bi2Se3: Evidence for layered transport of bulk carriers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108, 216803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Startsev V.E., D’yakina V.P., Cherepanov V.I., Volkenshtein N.V., Nasyrov R.Sh., Manakov V.G. Quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity of tungsten single crystals. Role of surface scattering of electrons. Sov. Phys. JETP, 1980, 52 (4), P. 675–679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Startsev V.E., D’yakina V.P., Cherepanov V.I., Volkenshtein N.V., Nasyrov R.Sh., Manakov V.G. Quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity of tungsten single crystals. Role of surface scattering of electrons. Sov. Phys. JETP, 1980, 52 (4), P. 675–679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchenkov V.V. Quadratic temperature dependence of magnetoresistivity of pure tungsten single crystals under static skin effect. Low Temp. Phys., 2011, 37, P. 852–855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenkov V.V. Quadratic temperature dependence of magnetoresistivity of pure tungsten single crystals under static skin effect. Low Temp. Phys., 2011, 37, P. 852–855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
