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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-455</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Unpredictable and uniform random number generation based on time of arrival using InGaAs detectors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3238-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aggarwal</surname><given-names>Deepika</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">deepikaaggarwal144@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Banerjee</surname><given-names>Anindita</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Anindita@qnulabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharma</surname><given-names>Ankush</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Ankush@qnulabs.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Ganesh</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Ganesh@qnulabs.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>QuNu Labs Pvt. Ltd.</institution><country>India</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>455</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Aggarwal D., Banerjee A., Sharma A., Yadav G., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Aggarwal D., Banerjee A., Sharma A., Yadav G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aggarwal D., Banerjee A., Sharma A., Yadav G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/455">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/455</self-uri><abstract><p>Quantum random number generators are becoming mandatory in a demanding technological world of high-performing learning algorithms and security guidelines. Our implementation, based on the principles of quantum mechanics, enables us to achieve the required randomness. We have generated high-quality quantum random numbers from a weak coherent source at the telecommunication wavelength. The entropy is based on the time of arrival of quantum states within a predefined time interval. The detection of photons by the InGaAs single-photon detectors and high-precision time measurement of 5 ps enables us to generate 16 random bits per arrival time, which is the highest reported to date. We have presented the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the random number generation methodology. The method eliminates the requirement of any randomness extractor, thereby leveraging the principles of quantum physics to generate random numbers. The output data rate averages 2.4 Mbps. The generated raw quantum random numbers are compared with the NIST-prescribed Blum-Blum-Shub pseudo-random number generator and an in-house-built hardware random number generator from FPGA, on the ENT and NIST platform.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>entropy</kwd><kwd>random numbers</kwd><kwd>quantum random number generation</kwd><kwd>time-of-arrival detection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
