<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-3-311-316</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И НАУКА О МАТЕРИАЛАХ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ultraviolet and visible reflective TiO2/SiO2 thin films on silicon using sol-gel spin coater</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие пленки TiO2/SiO2 на кремнии, полученные с использованием золь-гель центрифужного осаждения,  отражающие в ультрафиолетовой и видимой областях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Saravanan</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saravanan</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narsapur-534 280, West Godavari (A.P.)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shasa86@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Dubey</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubey</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narsapur-534 280, West Godavari (A.P.)</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Advanced Research Laboratory for  Nanomaterials &amp; Devices, Department of Nanotechnology, Swarnandhra College of Engineering &amp; Technology</institution><country>India</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>311</fpage><lpage>316</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Saravanan S., Dubey R.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Saravanan S., Dubey R.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saravanan S., Dubey R.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/489">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/489</self-uri><abstract><p>TiO2/SiO2 alternative thin films (stacks) were deposited on silicon substrates using sol-gel spin-coating techniques. The prepared samples had their corresponding optical properties analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), a surface profilometer, and Raman spectroscopy. The optical and crystallization properties of thin films were varied and compared by changing the number of stacks. UV-Vis spectrum showed high reflectance and shifting towards the infrared region with effect of increased TiO2/SiO2 stacks. XRD spectra confirmed the existence of anatase TiO2 and SiO2 diffraction peaks. The multilayer film thickness was calculated at 109 and 151 nm at two and four stacks by a surface profilometer. The Raman spectra confirmed the Si–O–Si and TiO2 stretching modes at 2600, 980, and 519 cm-1. This investigation reveals the promising and effective UV-Visible reflective property of alternative TiO2/SiO2 thin films on a silicon substrate.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Альтернативные тонкие пленки (пакеты) TiO2/SiO2 были нанесены на кремниевые подложки с использованием методов золь-гель центрифугирования. Свойства приготовленных образцов анализировали с помощью спектрофотометрии в УФ-видимой области (UV-Vis), рентгеновской дифрактометрии (XRD), поверхностного профилометра и рамановской спектроскопии. Оптические и кристаллизационные свойства тонких пленок варьировались и сравнивались путем изменения количества стэков. УФ-видимый спектр показал высокую отражательную способность и смещение в инфракрасную область из-за увеличения количества слоев TiO2/SiO2. Спектры РФА подтвердили наличие дифракционных пиков анатаза TiO2 и SiO2. Толщину многослойной пленки рассчитывали при 109 и 151 нм при двух и четырех стэках с помощью поверхностного профилометра. Спектры КРС подтвердили валентные моды Si-O-Si и TiO2 при 2600, 980 и 519 см-1. Это исследование выявило многообещающие и эффективные свойства отражения в ультрафиолетовом и видимом диапазонах альтернативных тонких пленок TiO2/SiO2 на кремниевой подложке.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Золь-гель</kwd><kwd>коэффициент отражения</kwd><kwd>многослойность</kwd><kwd>анатаз</kwd><kwd>толщина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sol-gel</kwd><kwd>reflectance</kwd><kwd>multilayer</kwd><kwd>anatase</kwd><kwd>thickness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are thankful to Mr. P. Srinivas Rao, School of Nanotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Kakinada, for availed Raman characterization. Dr. G. Ramalingam, Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Alagappa University, is acknowledged for assistance with the XRD and Surface Profilometer measurements.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park N.G., van de Lagemaat J., Frank A.J. Comparison of dye-sensitized rutile- and anatase based TiO2 solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. D, 2000, 104, P. 8989–8994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park N.G., van de Lagemaat J., Frank A.J. Comparison of dye-sensitized rutile- and anatase based TiO2 solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. D, 2000, 104, P. 8989–8994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eframoktora R.G. Nelwan, Suliyandi M.M., Prastomo N. Fabrication of anti-reflection coating TiO2-SiO2 on silicon substrate with pulsed laser deposition method. Proc. SPIE, 2019, Third International Seminar on Photonics, Optics and Its Applications (ISPhoA 2018), 11044N.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eframoktora R.G. Nelwan, Suliyandi M.M., Prastomo N. Fabrication of anti-reflection coating TiO2-SiO2 on silicon substrate with pulsed laser deposition method. Proc. SPIE, 2019, Third International Seminar on Photonics, Optics and Its Applications (ISPhoA 2018), 11044N.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirillova S.A., Almjashev V.I., Gusarov V.V. Spinodal decomposition in the SiO2-TiO2 system and hierarchically organized nanostructures formation. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2012, 3 (2), P. 100–115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillova S.A., Almjashev V.I., Gusarov V.V. Spinodal decomposition in the SiO2-TiO2 system and hierarchically organized nanostructures formation. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2012, 3 (2), P. 100–115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz A.A., Yan B., D’Orazio J.A. Ultraviolet radiation, aging and the skin: Prevention of damage by topical cAMP manipulation. Molecules, 2014, 19 (5), P. 6202–6219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz A.A., Yan B., D’Orazio J.A. Ultraviolet radiation, aging and the skin: Prevention of damage by topical cAMP manipulation. Molecules, 2014, 19 (5), P. 6202–6219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chemin J.B., Bulou S., et al. Transparent anti-fogging and self-cleaning TiO2/SiO2 thin films on polymer substrates using atmospheric plasma. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8, P. 1–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chemin J.B., Bulou S., et al. Transparent anti-fogging and self-cleaning TiO2/SiO2 thin films on polymer substrates using atmospheric plasma. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8, P. 1–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mao Q., Zeng D., Xu K., Xie C. Fabrication of porous TiO2-SiO2 multifunctional anti-reflection coatings by sol-gel coating method. RSC Advances, 2014, 101, P. 58101–58107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao Q., Zeng D., Xu K., Xie C. Fabrication of porous TiO2-SiO2 multifunctional anti-reflection coatings by sol-gel coating method. RSC Advances, 2014, 101, P. 58101–58107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dembele A., Rahman M., et al. Deposition of hybrid organic-inorganic composite coatings using an atmospheric plasma jet. system. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2011, 11, P. 8730–8737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dembele A., Rahman M., et al. Deposition of hybrid organic-inorganic composite coatings using an atmospheric plasma jet. system. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2011, 11, P. 8730–8737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu F., Shen J., et al. In situ growth of TiO2/SiO2 nanospheres on glass substrates via solution impregnation for antifogging. RSC Advances, 2017, 7, P. 15992–15996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu F., Shen J., et al. In situ growth of TiO2/SiO2 nanospheres on glass substrates via solution impregnation for antifogging. RSC Advances, 2017, 7, P. 15992–15996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., He J. Synthesis of raspberry-Like SiO2-TiO2 nanoparticles toward antireflective and self-cleaning coatings. ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 2013, 5, P. 5282–5290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., He J. Synthesis of raspberry-Like SiO2-TiO2 nanoparticles toward antireflective and self-cleaning coatings. ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 2013, 5, P. 5282–5290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxena N., Naik T., Paria S. Organization of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into fractal patterns on glass surface for the generation of superhydrophilicity. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121, P. 2428–2436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxena N., Naik T., Paria S. Organization of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into fractal patterns on glass surface for the generation of superhydrophilicity. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121, P. 2428–2436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venkatesh Y., Dubey R.S., Kumar B. Rapid and economic fabrication of dielectric approach of dielectric reflectors for energy harvesting applications. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, P. 1–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venkatesh Y., Dubey R.S., Kumar B. Rapid and economic fabrication of dielectric approach of dielectric reflectors for energy harvesting applications. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, P. 1–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubey R.S., Ganesan V. Visible and near-infrared wavelength-selective dielectric reflectors for light management applications. Superlattices Microstruct., 2018, 122, P. 228–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubey R.S., Ganesan V. Visible and near-infrared wavelength-selective dielectric reflectors for light management applications. Superlattices Microstruct., 2018, 122, P. 228–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedrati H., Benachour M.C., Dehdouh H., Bensaha R. Tuning of the stop-band position in the visible range of SiO2/TiO2 Bragg reflectors by doping TiO2 with transition metals. Optik, 2019, 208, 164098-1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedrati H., Benachour M.C., Dehdouh H., Bensaha R. Tuning of the stop-band position in the visible range of SiO2/TiO2 Bragg reflectors by doping TiO2 with transition metals. Optik, 2019, 208, 164098-1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao W., Jia H., et al. Design and realization of antireflection coatings for the visible and the infrared based on mesoporous SiO2 and SiO2- TiO2 hybrid materials. Appl. Opt., 2019, 58 (9), P. 2385–2392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao W., Jia H., et al. Design and realization of antireflection coatings for the visible and the infrared based on mesoporous SiO2 and SiO2- TiO2 hybrid materials. Appl. Opt., 2019, 58 (9), P. 2385–2392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubey R.S., Ganesan V. Reflectance modulation using SiO2/TiO-multilayer structures prepared by sol-gel spin coating process for optical applications. Superlattices Microstruct., 2017, 111, P. 1099–1103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubey R.S., Ganesan V. Reflectance modulation using SiO2/TiO-multilayer structures prepared by sol-gel spin coating process for optical applications. Superlattices Microstruct., 2017, 111, P. 1099–1103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X., Fujishima A., Jin M., Emeline A.V., Murakami T. Double-layered TiO2-SiO2 nanostructured films with self-cleaning and antireflective properties. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, P. 25142–25148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X., Fujishima A., Jin M., Emeline A.V., Murakami T. Double-layered TiO2-SiO2 nanostructured films with self-cleaning and antireflective properties. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, P. 25142–25148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalapati G.K., Panah S.M., et al. Color tunable low cost transparent heat reflector using copper and titanium oxide for energy saving application. Scientific Reports, 2015, 6, P. 1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalapati G.K., Panah S.M., et al. Color tunable low cost transparent heat reflector using copper and titanium oxide for energy saving application. Scientific Reports, 2015, 6, P. 1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saravanan S., Dubey R.S. Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/SiO2 multilayers using sol-gel spin coating method. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2019, 10 (1), P. 63–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saravanan S., Dubey R.S. Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/SiO2 multilayers using sol-gel spin coating method. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2019, 10 (1), P. 63–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Z.G., Jia Y.R., et al. Core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties. Materials Science – Poland, 2016, 34 (4), P. 806–810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Z.G., Jia Y.R., et al. Core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties. Materials Science – Poland, 2016, 34 (4), P. 806–810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venkatesh Y., Dubey R.S., Kumar B. Morphological and optical properties of dielectric multilayer structures prepared with distinct precursor concentrations. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2019, 10 (3), P. 355–360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venkatesh Y., Dubey R.S., Kumar B. Morphological and optical properties of dielectric multilayer structures prepared with distinct precursor concentrations. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2019, 10 (3), P. 355–360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubey R.S., Krishnamurthy K.V., Singh S. Experimental studies of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel and solvothermal routes for DSSCs application. Results in Physics, 2019, 14, 102390-1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubey R.S., Krishnamurthy K.V., Singh S. Experimental studies of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel and solvothermal routes for DSSCs application. Results in Physics, 2019, 14, 102390-1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedrati H., Bensaha R., et al. Correlation between structural and optical properties of SiO2/TiO2 multilayers processed by sol-gel technique and applied to Bragg reflectors. Materials Science, 2013, 9 (3), P. 113–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedrati H., Bensaha R., et al. Correlation between structural and optical properties of SiO2/TiO2 multilayers processed by sol-gel technique and applied to Bragg reflectors. Materials Science, 2013, 9 (3), P. 113–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue C., Zhang Q., et al. High photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 functional particles with core-shell structure. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 762423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue C., Zhang Q., et al. High photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 functional particles with core-shell structure. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 762423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wardiyati S., Adi W.A., Deswita. Synthesis and characterization of microwave absorber SiO2 by sol-gel method. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. and Eng., 2017, 202, P. 1–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wardiyati S., Adi W.A., Deswita. Synthesis and characterization of microwave absorber SiO2 by sol-gel method. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. and Eng., 2017, 202, P. 1–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monshi A., Foroughi M.R., Monsh M.R. Modified Scherrer equation of reaction of reaction to estimate more accurately nano-crystallite size using XRD. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2012, 2, P. 154–160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monshi A., Foroughi M.R., Monsh M.R. Modified Scherrer equation of reaction of reaction to estimate more accurately nano-crystallite size using XRD. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2012, 2, P. 154–160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu X., Gu P., et al. Influence of substrate on structural, morphological and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by reaction magnetron sputtering. AIP Advances, 2017, 7, 125326-1-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu X., Gu P., et al. Influence of substrate on structural, morphological and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by reaction magnetron sputtering. AIP Advances, 2017, 7, 125326-1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barimah E.K., Jones R.P., et al. Phase evolution, morphological, optical and electrical properties of femtosecond pulsed laser deposited TiO2 thin films. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, P. 1–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barimah E.K., Jones R.P., et al. Phase evolution, morphological, optical and electrical properties of femtosecond pulsed laser deposited TiO2 thin films. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, P. 1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lari N., Ahangarani S., Shanaghi A. Effect of different TiO2-SiO2 multilayer coatings applied by sol-gel method on antireflective property. J. Mater. Eng., 2015, 24 (7), P. 2645–2652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lari N., Ahangarani S., Shanaghi A. Effect of different TiO2-SiO2 multilayer coatings applied by sol-gel method on antireflective property. J. Mater. Eng., 2015, 24 (7), P. 2645–2652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nezar S., Saoula N., et al. Properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering on biased substrates. Appl. Surf., 2017, 395, P. 172–179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezar S., Saoula N., et al. Properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering on biased substrates. Appl. Surf., 2017, 395, P. 172–179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein M.V. Light Scattering in Solids I, Topics in Applied Physics, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany 1983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein M.V. Light Scattering in Solids I, Topics in Applied Physics, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany 1983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosales A., Maury-Ramirez A., Det al. SiO2-TiO2 coating: synthesis, physical characterization and photocatalytic evaluation. Coatings, 2018, 8 (4), P. 1–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosales A., Maury-Ramirez A., Det al. SiO2-TiO2 coating: synthesis, physical characterization and photocatalytic evaluation. Coatings, 2018, 8 (4), P. 1–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popovic D.M., Milosavljevic V., et al. Raman scattering analysis of silicon dioxide single crystal treated by direct current plasma discharge. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 98, 051503-1-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popovic D.M., Milosavljevic V., et al. Raman scattering analysis of silicon dioxide single crystal treated by direct current plasma discharge. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 98, 051503-1-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
