<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-3-329-335</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И НАУКА О МАТЕРИАЛАХ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Comprehensive cytotoxicity analysis of polysaccharide hydrogel modified with cerium oxide nanoparticles for wound healing application</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комплексный анализ цитотоксичности полисахаридного гидрогеля, модифицированного наночастицами оксида церия, для применения в заживлении ран</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, 142290</p><p>Leninskiy prosp., 31, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonpopovleonid@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shchepkina str. 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktoriaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khohlov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khohlov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 19s1, Moscow, 119146</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolay.khokhlov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Kamenskikh</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenskikh</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, 142290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kristina.kamensk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Gavrilyuk</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilyuk</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, 142290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskiy prosp., 31, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">van@igic.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Laboratory of Medical and Physics Research<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="en">I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="en">Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>329</fpage><lpage>335</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Popov A.L., Andreeva V.V., Khohlov N.V., Kamenskikh K.A., Gavrilyuk V.B., Ivanov V.K., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Popov A.L., Andreeva V.V., Khohlov N.V., Kamenskikh K.A., Gavrilyuk V.B., Ivanov V.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov A.L., Andreeva V.V., Khohlov N.V., Kamenskikh K.A., Gavrilyuk V.B., Ivanov V.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/497">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><p>This paper is aimed at the experimental study (in animal models) of acute toxicity and irritating properties of polysaccharide hydrogel modified with cerium oxide nanoparticles. In the acute experiment, there were no indications of irritating action of the gel at the site of application when the hydrogel was administered intragastrically or epicutaneously. No lethal effects were registered during this experiment even at the highest concentration. The results obtained demonstrate the lack of acute toxicity and local irritability of the synthesized hybrid hydrogel, which allows to classify the developed hybrid hydrogel as the relatively low-risk drug.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью данной работы является экспериментальное изучение (на животных моделях) острой токсичности и раздражающих свойств полисахаридного гидрогеля, модифицированного наночастицами оксида церия. В остром эксперименте не было признаков раздражающего действия геля в месте аппликации при внутрижелудочном или накожном введении гидрогеля. Летальных эффектов в этом эксперименте не зарегистрировано даже при самой высокой концентрации. Полученные результаты демонстрируют отсутствие у синтезированного гибридного гидрогеля острой токсичности и местного раздражающего действия, что позволяет отнести разработанный гибридный гидрогель к препаратам относительно низкого риска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заживление ран</kwd><kwd>гидрогель</kwd><kwd>наночастицы оксида церия</kwd><kwd>накожное применение</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>пролиферация клеток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wound healing</kwd><kwd>hydrogel</kwd><kwd>cerium oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>epicutaneous application</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>cell proliferation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation MK-138.2020.3. Synthesis of CeO2-containing hydrogels was performed by K. Kamenskikh with the support from RFBR grant 19-34-90031.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellio P., Luzi C., Mancini A., Cracchiolo S., Passacantando M., Di Pietro L., Perilli M., Amicosante G., Santucci S., Celenza G. Cerium oxide nanoparticles as potential antibiotic adjuvant. Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on bacterial outer membrane permeability. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr., 2018, 1860, P. 2428–2435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellio P., Luzi C., Mancini A., Cracchiolo S., Passacantando M., Di Pietro L., Perilli M., Amicosante G., Santucci S., Celenza G. Cerium oxide nanoparticles as potential antibiotic adjuvant. Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on bacterial outer membrane permeability. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr., 2018, 1860, P. 2428–2435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov A., Popova, N., Gould D., Shcherbakov A., Sukhorukov G., Ivanov V. Ceria nanoparticles-decorated microcapsules as a smart drug delivery/protective system: Protection of encapsulated P. pyralis luciferase. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(17), P. 14367–14377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A., Popova, N., Gould D., Shcherbakov A., Sukhorukov G., Ivanov V. Ceria nanoparticles-decorated microcapsules as a smart drug delivery/protective system: Protection of encapsulated P. pyralis luciferase. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(17), P. 14367–14377.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rocca A., Mattoli V., Mazzolai B., Ciofani G. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit Adipogenesis in Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Therapeutic Implications. Pharm. Res., 2014, 31, P. 2952–2962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rocca A., Mattoli V., Mazzolai B., Ciofani G. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit Adipogenesis in Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Therapeutic Implications. Pharm. Res., 2014, 31, P. 2952–2962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sridharan P., Vinothkumar G., Pratheesh P., Suresh Babu K. Biomimetic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles in modulating the metabolic gene signature in GBM-derived cell lines. J Mater Sci., 2020, 55, P. 11622–11636.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sridharan P., Vinothkumar G., Pratheesh P., Suresh Babu K. Biomimetic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles in modulating the metabolic gene signature in GBM-derived cell lines. J Mater Sci., 2020, 55, P. 11622–11636.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou D., Fang T., Lu L.-Q., Yi L. Neuroprotective potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles for focal cerebral ischemic stroke. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol., 2016, 36, P. 480–486.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou D., Fang T., Lu L.-Q., Yi L. Neuroprotective potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles for focal cerebral ischemic stroke. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol., 2016, 36, P. 480–486.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirst S.M., Karakoti A.S., Tyler R.D., Sriranganathan N., Seal S., Reilly C.M. Anti-inflammatory properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Small, 2009, 5(24), P. 2848–2856.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirst S.M., Karakoti A.S., Tyler R.D., Sriranganathan N., Seal S., Reilly C.M. Anti-inflammatory properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Small, 2009, 5(24), P. 2848–2856.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Celardo I., Pedersen J.Z., Traversa E., Ghibelli L. Pharmacological potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 2011, 3(4), P. 1411–1420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Celardo I., Pedersen J.Z., Traversa E., Ghibelli L. Pharmacological potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 2011, 3(4), P. 1411–1420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malyukin Y., Maksimchuk P., Seminko V., Okrushko E., Spivak N. Limitations of Self-Regenerative Antioxidant Ability of Nanoceria Imposed by Oxygen Diffusion. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122(28), P. 16406–16411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyukin Y., Maksimchuk P., Seminko V., Okrushko E., Spivak N. Limitations of Self-Regenerative Antioxidant Ability of Nanoceria Imposed by Oxygen Diffusion. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122(28), P. 16406–16411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seminko V., Maksimchuk P., Grygorova G., Malyukin Y.V. Mechanism and Dynamics of Fast Redox Cycling in Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles at High Oxidant Concentration. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021, 125(8), P. 4743–4749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seminko V., Maksimchuk P., Grygorova G., Malyukin Y.V. Mechanism and Dynamics of Fast Redox Cycling in Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles at High Oxidant Concentration. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021, 125(8), P. 4743–4749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seminko V., Maksimchuk P., Grygorova G., Avrunin O., Semenets V., Klochkov V., Malyukin Y. Catalytic Decomposition of Hypochlorite Anions by Ceria Nanoparticles Visualized by Spectroscopic Techniques. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2019, 123(33), P. 20675–20681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seminko V., Maksimchuk P., Grygorova G., Avrunin O., Semenets V., Klochkov V., Malyukin Y. Catalytic Decomposition of Hypochlorite Anions by Ceria Nanoparticles Visualized by Spectroscopic Techniques. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2019, 123(33), P. 20675–20681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klochkov V.K., Sedyh O.O., Grygorova G.V., Viagin O.G., Opolonin A.D., Malyukin Yu.V. Induction and inhibition of free radicals by the GdVO4:Eu3+ and CeO2 nanoparticles under X-ray irradiation. Funct. Mater., 2018, 25(2), P. 294–299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klochkov V.K., Sedyh O.O., Grygorova G.V., Viagin O.G., Opolonin A.D., Malyukin Yu.V. Induction and inhibition of free radicals by the GdVO4:Eu3+ and CeO2 nanoparticles under X-ray irradiation. Funct. Mater., 2018, 25(2), P. 294–299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klochkov V.K., Malyukin Yu.V., Grygorova G.V., Sedyh O.O., Kavok N.S., Seminko V.V., Semynozhenko V.P. Oxidation-reduction processes in CeO2-x nanocrystals under UV irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2018, 364, P. 282–287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klochkov V.K., Malyukin Yu.V., Grygorova G.V., Sedyh O.O., Kavok N.S., Seminko V.V., Semynozhenko V.P. Oxidation-reduction processes in CeO2-x nanocrystals under UV irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2018, 364, P. 282–287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malyukin Y., Klochkov V., Maksimchuk P., Seminko V., Spivak N. Oscillations of cerium oxidation state driven by oxygen diffusion in colloidal nanoceria (CeO2-x). Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2017, 12(1), P. 566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyukin Y., Klochkov V., Maksimchuk P., Seminko V., Spivak N. Oscillations of cerium oxidation state driven by oxygen diffusion in colloidal nanoceria (CeO2-x). Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2017, 12(1), P. 566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alpaslan E., Yazici H., Golshan N.H., Ziemer K.S., Webster T.J. pH-Dependent Activity of Dextran-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Prohibiting Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2015, 1(11), P. 1096–1103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alpaslan E., Yazici H., Golshan N.H., Ziemer K.S., Webster T.J. pH-Dependent Activity of Dextran-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Prohibiting Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2015, 1(11), P. 1096–1103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov V.K., Shcherbakov A.B., Usatenko A.V. Structure-sensitive properties and biomedical applications of nanodispersed cerium dioxide. Russ. Chem. Rev., 2009, 78(9), P. 855–871.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov V.K., Shcherbakov A.B., Usatenko A.V. Structure-sensitive properties and biomedical applications of nanodispersed cerium dioxide. Russ. Chem. Rev., 2009, 78(9), P. 855–871.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lord M.S., Jung M., Teoh W.Y., Gunawan C., Vassie J.A., Amal R., Whitelock J.M. Cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species modulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human monocyte cell line U937. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(31), P. 7915–7924.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lord M.S., Jung M., Teoh W.Y., Gunawan C., Vassie J.A., Amal R., Whitelock J.M. Cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species modulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human monocyte cell line U937. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(31), P. 7915–7924.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciofani G., Genchi G.G., Liakos I., Cappello V., Gemmi M., Athanassiou A., Mazzolai B., Mattoli V. Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on PC12 neuronal-like cells: Proliferation, differentiation, and dopamine secretion. Pharm Res., 2013, 30, P. 2133–2145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciofani G., Genchi G.G., Liakos I., Cappello V., Gemmi M., Athanassiou A., Mazzolai B., Mattoli V. Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on PC12 neuronal-like cells: Proliferation, differentiation, and dopamine secretion. Pharm Res., 2013, 30, P. 2133–2145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu J., Azfer A., Rogers L.M.,Wang X., Kolattukudy P.E. Cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic murine model of cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc. Res., 2007, 73, P. 549–559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu J., Azfer A., Rogers L.M.,Wang X., Kolattukudy P.E. Cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic murine model of cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc. Res., 2007, 73, P. 549–559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen S., Hou Y., Cheng G., Zhang C., Wang S., Zhang J. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 2013, 154, P. 156–166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen S., Hou Y., Cheng G., Zhang C., Wang S., Zhang J. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 2013, 154, P. 156–166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu B., Zhu D.-Y., Yin J.-H., Xu H., Zhang C.-Q., Ke Q.-F., Gao Y.-S., Guo Y.-P. Incorporation of cerium oxide in hollow mesoporous bioglass scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Biofabrication, 2019, 11(2), P. 025012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu B., Zhu D.-Y., Yin J.-H., Xu H., Zhang C.-Q., Ke Q.-F., Gao Y.-S., Guo Y.-P. Incorporation of cerium oxide in hollow mesoporous bioglass scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Biofabrication, 2019, 11(2), P. 025012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alpaslan E., Geilich B.M., Yazici H., Webster T.J. pH-Controlled Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Inhibition of Both Gram-Positive and Gram- Negative Bacteria Growth. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, P. 45859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alpaslan E., Geilich B.M., Yazici H., Webster T.J. pH-Controlled Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Inhibition of Both Gram-Positive and Gram- Negative Bacteria Growth. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, P. 45859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal C., Aggrawal S., Dutt D., Mohanty P. Cerium oxide immobilized paper matrices for bactericidal application. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2018, 232–235, P. 1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal C., Aggrawal S., Dutt D., Mohanty P. Cerium oxide immobilized paper matrices for bactericidal application. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2018, 232–235, P. 1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohamed H.E.A., Afridi S., Khalil A.T., Ali M., Zohra T., Akhtar R., Ikram A., Shinwari Z.K., Maaza M. Promising antiviral, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties of green nanoceria. Nanomedicine, 2020, 15(5), P. 467–488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamed H.E.A., Afridi S., Khalil A.T., Ali M., Zohra T., Akhtar R., Ikram A., Shinwari Z.K., Maaza M. Promising antiviral, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties of green nanoceria. Nanomedicine, 2020, 15(5), P. 467–488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov A.L., Popova N.R., Selezneva I.I., Akkizov A.Y., Ivanov V.K. Cerium oxide nanoparticles stimulate proliferation of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2016, 68, P. 406–413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A.L., Popova N.R., Selezneva I.I., Akkizov A.Y., Ivanov V.K. Cerium oxide nanoparticles stimulate proliferation of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2016, 68, P. 406–413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thoniyot P., Tan M.J., Karim A.A., Young D.J., Loh X.J. Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Composites: Concept, Design, and Applications of These Promising, Multi Functional Materials. Adv. Sci., 2015, 2, P. 1400010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thoniyot P., Tan M.J., Karim A.A., Young D.J., Loh X.J. Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Composites: Concept, Design, and Applications of These Promising, Multi Functional Materials. Adv. Sci., 2015, 2, P. 1400010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dannert C., Stokke B.T., Dias R.S. Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites: From Molecular Interactions to Macroscopic Behavior. Polymers, 2019, 11(2), P. 275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dannert C., Stokke B.T., Dias R.S. Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites: From Molecular Interactions to Macroscopic Behavior. Polymers, 2019, 11(2), P. 275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almjasheva O.V., Garabadzhiu A.V., Kozina Yu.V., Litvinchuk L.F., Dobritsa V.P. Biological effect of zirconium dioxide-based nanoparticles. Nanosyst. Phys. Chem. Math., 2017, 8(3), P. 391–396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almjasheva O.V., Garabadzhiu A.V., Kozina Yu.V., Litvinchuk L.F., Dobritsa V.P. Biological effect of zirconium dioxide-based nanoparticles. Nanosyst. Phys. Chem. Math., 2017, 8(3), P. 391–396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gosselin R.E., Hodge H., Smith R.P., Gleason M.N. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products: Acute Poisoning. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1976, 332 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gosselin R.E., Hodge H., Smith R.P., Gleason M.N. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products: Acute Poisoning. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1976, 332 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popova N.R., Andreeva V.V., Khohlov N.V., Popov A.L., Ivanov V.K. Fabrication of CeO2 nanoparticles embedded in polysaccharide hydrogel and their application in skin wound healing. Nanosyst. Phys. Chem. Math., 2020, 11(1), P. 99–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova N.R., Andreeva V.V., Khohlov N.V., Popov A.L., Ivanov V.K. Fabrication of CeO2 nanoparticles embedded in polysaccharide hydrogel and their application in skin wound healing. Nanosyst. Phys. Chem. Math., 2020, 11(1), P. 99–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
