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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-6-690-696</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Polarization phenomena in coherent excitation of atomic systems: an overview of results</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поляризационные явления при когерентном возбуждении атомных систем: обзор результатов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Sytenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sytenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13, Zhdanovskaya, St. Petersburg, 197198.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vka@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Mozhaisky Military Space Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>690</fpage><lpage>696</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sytenko N.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Sytenko N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sytenko N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/553">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/553</self-uri><abstract><p>The article gives an overview of the main theoretical and experimental studies of the phenomena caused by the formation of coherent states – coherent population trapping, electromagnetically induced transparency, and laser generation without inversion.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье дан обзор основных теоретических и экспериментальных исследований явлений, обусловленных образованием когерентных состояний – когерентный захват населенности, электромагнитно-индуцированная прозрачность и лазерная генерация без инверсии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Λ-схема</kwd><kwd>уравнение Лиувилля фон Неймана</kwd><kwd>темновое состояние</kwd><kwd>эффект Ханле</kwd><kwd>частота Раби</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Λ-scheme</kwd><kwd>Liouville von Neumann equation</kwd><kwd>dark state</kwd><kwd>Hanle effect</kwd><kwd>Rabi frequency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alzetta G., Moi L., Orriols G. 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