najoNanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, MathematicsНаносистемы: физика, химия, математика2220-80542305-7971Университет ИТМО10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-6-711-727najo-568Research ArticleCHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCEХИМИЯ И НАУКА О МАТЕРИАЛАХPhase equilibria and materials in the TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2 system: a reviewФазовые равновесия и материалы в системе TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2: обзорKirillovaS. A.KirillovaS. A.

Emb. Makarova, 2, St. Petersburg, 199034;

Professor Popov St., 5, St. Petersburg, 197376.

refractory-sveta@mail.ruAlmjashevV. I.AlmjashevV. I.

Emb. Makarova, 2, St. Petersburg, 199034;

Professor Popov St., 5, St. Petersburg, 197376;

Koporskoye sh., 72, Sosnovy Bor LR, 188540.

vac@mail.ruStolyarovaV. L.StolyarovaV. L.

Emb. Makarova, 2, St. Petersburg, 199034;

Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034.

stolyarova.v@iscras.ruI.V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS; St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”Russian FederationI.V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS; St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”; FSUE “Alexandrov Research Institute of Technology”Russian FederationI.V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS; St. Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202107082025126711727Copyright © Kirillova S.A., Almjashev V.I., Stolyarova V.L., 20252025Kirillova S.A., Almjashev V.I., Stolyarova V.L.Kirillova S.A., Almjashev V.I., Stolyarova V.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/568

This paper analyzes the available data on phase equilibria in the TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2 system. The advantages of specialized databases and software systems for the analysis of information on phase equilibria are pointed. Phase diagrams are kind of a roadmap for the design of materials. As shown in the review, nanomaterials are no exception to this. Data on phase equilibria, such as eutectic points, solubility limits, binodal and spinodal curves, make it possible to predict the possibility of the formation of nanoscale structures and materials based on them. In its turn during the transition to the nanoscale state, the mutual component solubility, the temperature of phase transformation may change significantly, and other features may become observable. This provides additional variability when choosing compositions and material design based on the phases of a given system. As an example, for design of nuclear fuel assemblies that are tolerant to severe accidents at nuclear power plants, mixed carbides (so-called MAX-phases) are considered as one of the most promising options as nanoscale layers on fuel cladding. It is suggested that the materials of the TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2 system, which are the product of oxidation of some MAX-phases, can serve as an inhibitor of their further corrosion. Ensuring the stability of materials based on MAX-phases expands their prospects in nuclear power. This requires comprehensive information about phase equilibria and formation conditions of nanostructured states in the analyzed system.

В работе проведен анализ доступных данных о фазовых равновесиях в системе TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2. Указаны преимущества специализированных баз данных и программных комплексов для анализа информации о фазовых равновесиях. Фазовые диаграммы – это своего рода дорожная карта для разработки материалов. Как показано в обзоре, наноматериалы не являются исключением. Данные о фазовых равновесиях, таких как точки эвтектики, пределы растворимости, бинодальные и спинодальные кривые, позволяют прогнозировать возможность формирования наноразмерных структур и материалов на их основе. В свою очередь, при переходе в наноразмерное состояние могут существенно измениться взаимная растворимость компонентов, температура фазовых превращений и другие характеристики. Это обеспечивает дополнительную вариативность при выборе состава и способа получения материалов на основе фаз данной системы. Например, для создания устойчивых к тяжелым авариям тепловыделяющих сборок ядерных реакторов как один из наиболее перспективных вариантов в качестве наноразмерных слоев на оболочке твэлов рассматриваются смешанные карбиды (так называемые МАХ-фазы). Предполагается, что материалы системы TiO2–SiO2–ZrO2, являющиеся продуктом окисления некоторых МАХ-фаз, могут служить ингибитором их дальнейшей коррозии. Обеспечение стабильности материалов на основе МАХ-фаз расширяет их перспективы использования в атомной энергетике. Но для этого необходима исчерпывающая информация о фазовых равновесиях и условиях формирования наноструктурных состояний в анализируемой системе.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.