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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2017-8-6-709-716</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-596</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>1-bit and 2-bit comparator designs and analysis for quantum-dot cellular automata</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>1-bit and 2-bit comparator designs and analysis for quantum-dot cellular automata</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Mallaiah</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mallaiah</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Anthapuramu, A.P</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anthapuramu, A.P</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malli797@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Swamy</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Swamy</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Vijayawada, A.P</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vijayawada, A.P</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Padmapriya</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Padmapriya</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Kakinada, A.P</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kakinada, A.P</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Research Scholar, JNTUA</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Scholar, JNTUA</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Department of EI&amp;E, VR Siddhartha Engineering College</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of EI&amp;E, VR Siddhartha Engineering College</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Department of ECE, JNTUK</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of ECE, JNTUK</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>709</fpage><lpage>716</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Mallaiah A., Swamy G.N., Padmapriya K., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Mallaiah A., Swamy G.N., Padmapriya K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mallaiah A., Swamy G.N., Padmapriya K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/596">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/596</self-uri><abstract><p>In PCs, the number of arithmetic operations, the comparator is a vital equipment unit, consisting of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Another procedure, referred to as Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) will supplant the CMOS outlines, having leverage concerning zone, control utilization, and latency. The primary QCA circuits planned with the inverter and majority voter entryways. In this paper, we utilize the clocking method 180 out of phase clock crossover to outline the 1-bit comparator and compare with the current outcomes. The new proposed wire crossing plan lessens the quantity of cells required to configuration, power and area necessities. Additionally, we planned 2-bit comparator having 11 majority gates (voters), 2 number of crossovers with 0.38 µm2 area, 203 number of cells. The designed 1-bit comparator contrast and the past outcomes where cells, region, delay demonstrates 53.57 %, 50 % and 33.32 % improvement respectively.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>In PCs, the number of arithmetic operations, the comparator is a vital equipment unit, consisting of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Another procedure, referred to as Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) will supplant the CMOS outlines, having leverage concerning zone, control utilization, and latency. The primary QCA circuits planned with the inverter and majority voter entryways. In this paper, we utilize the clocking method 180 out of phase clock crossover to outline the 1-bit comparator and compare with the current outcomes. The new proposed wire crossing plan lessens the quantity of cells required to configuration, power and area necessities. Additionally, we planned 2-bit comparator having 11 majority gates (voters), 2 number of crossovers with 0.38 µm2 area, 203 number of cells. The designed 1-bit comparator contrast and the past outcomes where cells, region, delay demonstrates 53.57 %, 50 % and 33.32 % improvement respectively.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>QCA design</kwd><kwd>wire crossing</kwd><kwd>comparator</kwd><kwd>Ex OR gate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>QCA design</kwd><kwd>wire crossing</kwd><kwd>comparator</kwd><kwd>Ex OR gate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walus K., Dysart T., Jullien G., Budiman R. QCADesigner: a rapid design and simulation tool for quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 2004, 3(1), P. 26–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walus K., Dysart T., Jullien G., Budiman R. 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