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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2018-9-4-473-483</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-712</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A new efficient non-reversible 4 bit binary to gray and 4 bit gray to binary converter in QCA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Islam</surname><given-names>Md. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Md. Tajul Islam, Department of Information and Communication Technology</p><p>Santosh, Tangail-1902</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tajulmbstu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jahan</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Golam Sarwar Jahan, Department of Information and Communication Technology</p><p>Santosh, Tangail-1902</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sarwar13040@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bahar</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali Newaz Bahar, Department of Information and Communication Technology</p><p>Santosh, Tangail-1902</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baharmitdu@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kawsar Ahmed, Department of Information and Communication Technology</p><p>Santosh, Tangail-1902</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kawsar.ict@mbstu.ac.bd</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullah-Al-Shafi</surname><given-names>Md.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dhaka-1000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alshafi08@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University</institution><country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Institute of Information Technology (IIT), University of Dhaka</institution><country>Bangladesh</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Islam M.T., Jahan G.S., Bahar A.N., Ahmed K., Abdullah-Al-Shafi M., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Islam M.T., Jahan G.S., Bahar A.N., Ahmed K., Abdullah-Al-Shafi M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Islam M.T., Jahan G.S., Bahar A.N., Ahmed K., Abdullah-Al-Shafi M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/712">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/712</self-uri><abstract><p>The present Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology is based on Complementary Metal-oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The development of the VLSI technology has reached its peak due to the fundamental physical limits of CMOS technology. The recent challenges, as well as the physical limitation of the traditional CMOS technology, has overcome by the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) which is first introduced by C. S. Lent. The nanoscale size quantum cell is a feature of QCA technology. In this paper, we propose a new QCA structure for 4-bit binary to 4-bit gray and 4-bit gray to 4-bit binary using two input XOR gate. 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