<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2019-10-6-608-615</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Exact calculation of the trace of the Birman–Schwinger operator of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by an attractive Gaussian potential</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Exact calculation of the trace of the Birman–Schwinger operator of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by an attractive Gaussian potential</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Fassari</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fassari</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Department of Higher Mathematics, ITMO University; Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare, Subnucleare e delle Radiazioni, Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi.</p><p>St. Petersburg; PO Box 1132, CH-6601 Locarno; Via Plinio 44, I-00193 Rome</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Higher Mathematics, ITMO University; Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare, Subnucleare e delle Radiazioni, Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi.</p><p>St. Petersburg; PO Box 1132, CH-6601 Locarno; Via Plinio 44, I-00193 Rome</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">silvestro.fassari@uva.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Rinaldi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rinaldi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare, Subnucleare e delle Radiazioni, Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi.</p><p>PO Box 1132, CH-6601 Locarno; Via Plinio 44, I-00193 Rome; Naples</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare, Subnucleare e delle Radiazioni, Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi.</p><p>PO Box 1132, CH-6601 Locarno; Via Plinio 44, I-00193 Rome; Naples</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">f.rinaldi@unimarconi.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ITMO University; CERFIM; Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi<country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ITMO University; CERFIM; Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi<country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">CERFIM; Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli<country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">CERFIM; Univ. degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli<country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>608</fpage><lpage>615</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fassari S., Rinaldi F., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Rinaldi F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Rinaldi F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/750">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/750</self-uri><abstract><p>By taking advantage of Wang’s results on the scalar product of four eigenfunctions of the 1D harmonic oscillator, we explicitly calculate the trace of the Birman–Schwinger operator of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by a Gaussian potential, showing that it can be written as a ratio of Gamma functions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>By taking advantage of Wang’s results on the scalar product of four eigenfunctions of the 1D harmonic oscillator, we explicitly calculate the trace of the Birman–Schwinger operator of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by a Gaussian potential, showing that it can be written as a ratio of Gamma functions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Gaussian potential</kwd><kwd>Birman–Schwinger operator</kwd><kwd>trace class operator</kwd><kwd>harmonic oscillator</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gaussian potential</kwd><kwd>Birman–Schwinger operator</kwd><kwd>trace class operator</kwd><kwd>harmonic oscillator</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>The final part of S. Fassari’s contribution to this work has been financially supported by the Government of the Russian Federation through the ITMO University Fellowship and Professorship Programme. S. Fassari would like to thank Prof. Igor Yu. Popov and the entire staff at the Departament of Higher Mathematics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg for their warm hospitality throughout his stay. F. Rinaldi wishes to thank Prof. Igor Yu. Popov for inviting him to the Pierre Duclos Workshop over the years as well as for his interest in our research work</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The final part of S. Fassari’s contribution to this work has been financially supported by the Government of the Russian Federation through the ITMO University Fellowship and Professorship Programme. S. Fassari would like to thank Prof. Igor Yu. Popov and the entire staff at the Departament of Higher Mathematics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg for their warm hospitality throughout his stay. F. Rinaldi wishes to thank Prof. Igor Yu. Popov for inviting him to the Pierre Duclos Workshop over the years as well as for his interest in our research work</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landau L.D. and Lifshits E.M., Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, Pergamon Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landau L.D. and Lifshits E.M., Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, Pergamon Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed M., Simon B. Fourier Analysis, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed M., Simon B. Fourier Analysis, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed M., Simon B. Analysis of Operators, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed M., Simon B. Analysis of Operators, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1978.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeffel J.J., Martin A., Simon B., Wightman A. Pade´ approximants and the anharmonic oscillator, Phys. Lett. B, 1969, 30, P. 656–658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeffel J.J., Martin A., Simon B., Wightman A. Pade´ approximants and the anharmonic oscillator, Phys. Lett. B, 1969, 30, P. 656–658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davydov A.S. Quantum Mechanics, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davydov A.S. Quantum Mechanics, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaris R., Bendler J., Lovett R.A., Bender C.M. and Fedders P.A. Resonance calculations for arbitrary potentials, Phys. Rev. A, 1978, 18, 1816.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaris R., Bendler J., Lovett R.A., Bender C.M. and Fedders P.A. Resonance calculations for arbitrary potentials, Phys. Rev. A, 1978, 18, 1816.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caliceti E., Gra S., Maioli M. Perturbation theory of odd anharmonic oscillators, Commun. Math. Phys., 1980, 75, P. 51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caliceti E., Gra S., Maioli M. Perturbation theory of odd anharmonic oscillators, Commun. Math. Phys., 1980, 75, P. 51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caliceti E., Maioli M. Odd anharmonic oscillators and shape resonances Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare´, 1983, XXXVIII(2), P. 175–186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caliceti E., Maioli M. Odd anharmonic oscillators and shape resonances Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare´, 1983, XXXVIII(2), P. 175–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez F.M., Guardiola R., Ros J. and Znojil M. Strong-coupling expansions for the PT -symmetric oscillators V (x) = a(ix) + b(ix)2 + c(ix)3. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1998, 31, P. 10105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez F.M., Guardiola R., Ros J. and Znojil M. Strong-coupling expansions for the PT -symmetric oscillators V (x) = a(ix) + b(ix)2 + c(ix)3. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1998, 31, P. 10105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grecchi V., Martinez A. The spectrum of the cubic oscillator. Commun. Math. Phys., 2013, 319, P. 479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grecchi V., Martinez A. The spectrum of the cubic oscillator. Commun. Math. Phys., 2013, 319, P. 479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaushal S.K. Small and large solution of the Schro¨dinger equation for the interaction λx2/1 + gx. J. Phys. A Math. Gen., 1979, 12, P. L253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaushal S.K. Small and large solution of the Schro¨dinger equation for the interaction λx2/1 + gx. J. Phys. A Math. Gen., 1979, 12, P. L253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitra A.K. On the interaction of the type x2 +λx2/1 + gx. J. Math. Phys., 1979, 19(10), P. 2018–2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitra A.K. On the interaction of the type x2 +λx2/1 + gx. J. Math. Phys., 1979, 19(10), P. 2018–2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bessis N., Bessis G. A note on the Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 potential. J. Math. Phys., 1980, 21, P. 2780–2785.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessis N., Bessis G. A note on the Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 potential. J. Math. Phys., 1980, 21, P. 2780–2785.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bessis N., Bessis G., Hadinger G. Perturbed harmonic oscillator ladder operators: eigenenergies and eigenfunctions for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A Math. Gen., 1980, 13, P. 1651.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessis N., Bessis G., Hadinger G. Perturbed harmonic oscillator ladder operators: eigenenergies and eigenfunctions for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A Math. Gen., 1980, 13, P. 1651.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhagwat K.V. A harmonic oscillator perturbed by the potential λx2/1 + gx2. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1981, 14, P. 377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhagwat K.V. A harmonic oscillator perturbed by the potential λx2/1 + gx2. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1981, 14, P. 377.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bessis N., Bessis G. Perturbed factorization of the symmetric-anharmonic-oscillator eigenequation. Phys. Rev A, 1992, 46, P. 6824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessis N., Bessis G. Perturbed factorization of the symmetric-anharmonic-oscillator eigenequation. Phys. Rev A, 1992, 46, P. 6824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgson R.J.W. High-precision calculation of the eigenvalues for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 potential. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1988, 21, P. 1563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodgson R.J.W. High-precision calculation of the eigenvalues for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 potential. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1988, 21, P. 1563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai C.S., Lin H.E. On the Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1982, 15, P. 1495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai C.S., Lin H.E. On the Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1982, 15, P. 1495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blecher M.H., Leach P.G.L. The Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1987, 20, P. 5923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blecher M.H., Leach P.G.L. The Schro¨dinger equation for the x2 +λx2/1 + gx2 interaction. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1987, 20, P. 5923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angeletti A., Castagnari C., Zirilli F. Asymptotic eigenvalue degeneracy for a class of one-dimensional Fokker-Planck operators. J. Math. Phys., 1985, 26, P. 678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angeletti A., Castagnari C., Zirilli F. Asymptotic eigenvalue degeneracy for a class of one-dimensional Fokker-Planck operators. J. Math. Phys., 1985, 26, P. 678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S. A note on the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator perturbed by the potential λx2/1 + gx2. Rep. Math. Phys., 1996, 37(2), P. 283–293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S. A note on the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator perturbed by the potential λx2/1 + gx2. Rep. Math. Phys., 1996, 37(2), P. 283–293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator with the interaction λx2/1 + gx2. II Rep. Math. Phys., 1997, 39(1), P. 77–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator with the interaction λx2/1 + gx2. II Rep. Math. Phys., 1997, 39(1), P. 77–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carin˜ena J.F., Ran˜ada M.F., Santander M. A quantum exactly solvable non-linear oscillator with quasi-harmonic behaviour. Annals of Physics, 2007, 322(2), P. 434–459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carin˜ena J.F., Ran˜ada M.F., Santander M. A quantum exactly solvable non-linear oscillator with quasi-harmonic behaviour. Annals of Physics, 2007, 322(2), P. 434–459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadreau P., Safouhi H. Double exponential sinc-collocation method for solving the energy eigenvalues of harmonic oscillators perturbed by a rational function. J. Math. Phys., 2017, 26(10), P. 101509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadreau P., Safouhi H. Double exponential sinc-collocation method for solving the energy eigenvalues of harmonic oscillators perturbed by a rational function. J. Math. Phys., 2017, 26(10), P. 101509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avakian M.P., Pogosyan G.S., Sissakian A.N., Ter-Antonyan V.M. Spectroscopy of a singular linear oscillator. Physics Letters A, 1987, 124(4-5), P. 233–236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avakian M.P., Pogosyan G.S., Sissakian A.N., Ter-Antonyan V.M. Spectroscopy of a singular linear oscillator. Physics Letters A, 1987, 124(4-5), P. 233–236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldstein J., Lebiedzik C., Robinett R.W. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics: Examples with Dirac δ-functions. American Journal of Physics, 62(7), P. 612–618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldstein J., Lebiedzik C., Robinett R.W. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics: Examples with Dirac δ-functions. American Journal of Physics, 62(7), P. 612–618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the spectrum of the harmonic oscillator with a δ−type perturbation. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1994, 67, P. 650–659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the spectrum of the harmonic oscillator with a δ−type perturbation. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1994, 67, P. 650–659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demiralp E. Bound states of n-dimensional harmonic oscillator decorated with Dirac delta functions. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2005, 22, P. 478393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demiralp E. Bound states of n-dimensional harmonic oscillator decorated with Dirac delta functions. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2005, 22, P. 478393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uncu H., Tarhan D., Demiralp E., Mu¨stecaplog¨lu O¨ .E. Phys. Rev. A., 2007, 76, P. 013618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uncu H., Tarhan D., Demiralp E., Mu¨stecaplog¨lu O¨ .E. Phys. Rev. A., 2007, 76, P. 013618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil S.H. Harmonic oscillator with a δ-function potential. Eur. J. Phys., 2006, 27, P. 899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil S.H. Harmonic oscillator with a δ-function potential. Eur. J. Phys., 2006, 27, P. 899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goold J., ODonoghue D. and Busch Th. Low-density, one-dimensional quantum gases in the presence of a localized attractive potential. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2008, 41, P. 215301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goold J., ODonoghue D. and Busch Th. Low-density, one-dimensional quantum gases in the presence of a localized attractive potential. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2008, 41, P. 215301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shea P., Van Zyl B.P. and Bhaduri R.K. The two-body problem of ultra-cold atoms in a harmonic trap. Am. J. Phys., 2009, 77, P. 5115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shea P., Van Zyl B.P. and Bhaduri R.K. The two-body problem of ultra-cold atoms in a harmonic trap. Am. J. Phys., 2009, 77, P. 5115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filatova T.A. and Shafarevich A.I. Semiclassical spectral series of the Schro¨dinger operator with a delta-potential on a straight line and on a sphere. Theor. Math. Phys., 2010, 164, P. 106480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatova T.A. and Shafarevich A.I. Semiclassical spectral series of the Schro¨dinger operator with a delta-potential on a straight line and on a sphere. Theor. Math. Phys., 2010, 164, P. 106480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mityagin B. The spectrum of a harmonic oscillator operator perturbed by point interactions. Int. J. Theor. Phys., 2014, 53, P. 118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mityagin B. The spectrum of a harmonic oscillator operator perturbed by point interactions. Int. J. Theor. Phys., 2014, 53, P. 118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mityagin B.S., Siegl P. Root system of singular perturbations of the harmonic oscillator type operators. Lett. Math. Phys., 2016, 106, P. 147– 167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mityagin B.S., Siegl P. Root system of singular perturbations of the harmonic oscillator type operators. Lett. Math. Phys., 2016, 106, P. 147– 167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferkous N., Boudjedaa T. Bound States Energies of a Harmonic Oscillator Perturbed by Point Interactions. Commun. Theor. Phys., 2017, 67, P 241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferkous N., Boudjedaa T. Bound States Energies of a Harmonic Oscillator Perturbed by Point Interactions. Commun. Theor. Phys., 2017, 67, P 241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the spectrum of the harmonic oscillator with a δ−type perturbation. II Helv. Phys. Acta, 1997, 70, P. 858–865.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Inglese G. On the spectrum of the harmonic oscillator with a δ−type perturbation. II Helv. Phys. Acta, 1997, 70, P. 858–865.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Rinaldi F. On the spectrum of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by two identicalт attractive point interactions. Rep. Math. Phys., 2012, 69(3), P. 353–370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Rinaldi F. On the spectrum of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by two identicalт attractive point interactions. Rep. Math. Phys., 2012, 69(3), P. 353–370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demiralp E. Properties of a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian for the harmonic oscillator decorated with Dirac delta interactions. Czech. J. Phys., 2005, 55, P. 10814.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demiralp E. Properties of a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian for the harmonic oscillator decorated with Dirac delta interactions. Czech. J. Phys., 2005, 55, P. 10814.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haag D., Cartarius H. and Wunner G. A Bose-Einstein condensate with PT -symmetric double delta function loss and gain in a harmonic trap: a test of rigorous estimates. Acta Polytech., 2014, 54, P. 11621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haag D., Cartarius H. and Wunner G. A Bose-Einstein condensate with PT -symmetric double delta function loss and gain in a harmonic trap: a test of rigorous estimates. Acta Polytech., 2014, 54, P. 11621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Single F., Cartarius H., Wunner G. and Main J. Coupling approach for the realization of a PT -symmetric potential for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double well. Phys. Rev. A, 2014, 90, P. 042123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Single F., Cartarius H., Wunner G. and Main J. Coupling approach for the realization of a PT -symmetric potential for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double well. Phys. Rev. A, 2014, 90, P. 042123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albeverio S., Dabrowski L. and Kurasov P. Symmetries of Schro¨dinger operators with point interactions. Lett. Math. Phys., 1998, 45, P. 3347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albeverio S., Dabrowski L. and Kurasov P. Symmetries of Schro¨dinger operators with point interactions. Lett. Math. Phys., 1998, 45, P. 3347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albeverio S. and Kurasov P. Singular Perturbations of Differential Operators: Solvable Type Operators. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albeverio S. and Kurasov P. Singular Perturbations of Differential Operators: Solvable Type Operators. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. One-dimensional models with a singular potential of the type −αδ + βδ0. Int. J. Theor. Phys., 2011, 50, P. 2144–2152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. One-dimensional models with a singular potential of the type −αδ + βδ0. Int. J. Theor. Phys., 2011, 50, P. 2144–2152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maldonado-Villamizar F.H. Semitransparent one-dimensional potential: a Green’s function approach. Phys. Scr., 2015, 90, P. 065202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maldonado-Villamizar F.H. Semitransparent one-dimensional potential: a Green’s function approach. Phys. Scr., 2015, 90, P. 065202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Rinaldi F. A remarkable spectral feature of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator perturbed by an attractive δ0-interaction centred at the origin: double degeneracy and level crossing. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2013, 46, P. 385305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Rinaldi F. A remarkable spectral feature of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator perturbed by an attractive δ0-interaction centred at the origin: double degeneracy and level crossing. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2013, 46, P. 385305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Rinaldi F. The Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator with an attractive δ0-interaction centred at the origin as approximated by the one with a triple of attractive interactions. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2016, 49, P. 025302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Rinaldi F. The Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator with an attractive δ0-interaction centred at the origin as approximated by the one with a triple of attractive interactions. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2016, 49, P. 025302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheon T. and Shigehara T. Fermion-Boson duality of one-dimensional quantum particles with generalized contact interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 82, P. 2536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheon T. and Shigehara T. Fermion-Boson duality of one-dimensional quantum particles with generalized contact interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 82, P. 2536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nouicer K., Chetouani L. Variational treatment of Gaussian potentials. Acta Physica Slovaca, 1999, 49(3), P. 309–318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nouicer K., Chetouani L. Variational treatment of Gaussian potentials. Acta Physica Slovaca, 1999, 49(3), P. 309–318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. and Rinaldi F. Level crossings of eigenvalues of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the isotropic harmonic oscillator perturbed by a central point interaction in different dimensions. Nanosystems, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2018, 9(2), P. 179–186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. and Rinaldi F. Level crossings of eigenvalues of the Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian of the isotropic harmonic oscillator perturbed by a central point interaction in different dimensions. Nanosystems, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2018, 9(2), P. 179–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. Spectroscopy of a one-dimensional V-shaped quantum well with a point impurity. Annals of Physics, 2018, 389, P. 48–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Gadella M., Glasser M.L., Nieto L.M. Spectroscopy of a one-dimensional V-shaped quantum well with a point impurity. Annals of Physics, 2018, 389, P. 48–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed M., Simon B. Functional Analysis, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics. Academic Press, New York, 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed M., Simon B. Functional Analysis, Methods in Modern Mathematical Physics. Academic Press, New York, 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muchatibaya G., Fassari S., Rinaldi F., Mushanyu J. A note on the discrete spectrum of Gaussian wells (I): the ground state energy in one dimension. Adv. Math. Phys., 2016, Article ID 2125769.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muchatibaya G., Fassari S., Rinaldi F., Mushanyu J. A note on the discrete spectrum of Gaussian wells (I): the ground state energy in one dimension. Adv. Math. Phys., 2016, Article ID 2125769.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S., Gadella M., Nieto L.M., Rinaldi F. On the spectrum of the 1D Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian perturbed by an attractive Gaussian potential. Acta Polytech., 2017, 57, P. 385–390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S., Gadella M., Nieto L.M., Rinaldi F. On the spectrum of the 1D Schro¨dinger Hamiltonian perturbed by an attractive Gaussian potential. Acta Polytech., 2017, 57, P. 385–390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klaus M. A remark about weakly coupled one-dimensional Schro¨dinger operators. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1979, 52, P. 223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klaus M. A remark about weakly coupled one-dimensional Schro¨dinger operators. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1979, 52, P. 223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fassari S. An estimate regarding one-dimensional point interactions. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1995, 68, P. 121–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fassari S. An estimate regarding one-dimensional point interactions. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1995, 68, P. 121–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W.-M. Pure Point Spectrum of the Floquet Hamiltonian for the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Under Time Quasi-Periodic Perturbations. Commun. Math. Phys., 2008, 277, P. 459–496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W.-M. Pure Point Spectrum of the Floquet Hamiltonian for the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Under Time Quasi-Periodic Perturbations. Commun. Math. Phys., 2008, 277, P. 459–496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Gadella M., Nieto L.M. and Rinaldi F. The Birman–Schwinger Operator for a Parabolic Quantum Well in a ZeroThickness Layer in the Presence of a Two-Dimensional Attractive Gaussian Impurity. Front. Phys., 2019, 7(102).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albeverio S., Fassari S., Gadella M., Nieto L.M. and Rinaldi F. The Birman–Schwinger Operator for a Parabolic Quantum Well in a ZeroThickness Layer in the Presence of a Two-Dimensional Attractive Gaussian Impurity. Front. Phys., 2019, 7(102).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
