najoNanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, MathematicsНаносистемы: физика, химия, математика2220-80542305-7971Университет ИТМО10.17586/2220-8054-2016-7-2-378-383najo-838Research ArticleCONTRIBUTED TALKSCONTRIBUTED TALKSThe use of beam and fiber splitters in quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuationsThe use of beam and fiber splitters in quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuationsIvanovaA. E.IvanovaA. E.

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

newiva@mail.ruChivilikhinS. A.ChivilikhinS. A.

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

sergey.chivilikhin@gmail.comGleimA. V.GleimA. V.

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

Kronverkskiy, 49, St. Petersburg, 197101

ITMO UniversityITMO University20161308202572Special Issue378383Copyright © Ivanova A.E., Chivilikhin S.A., Gleim A.V., 20252025Ivanova A.E., Chivilikhin S.A., Gleim A.V.Ivanova A.E., Chivilikhin S.A., Gleim A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/838

Quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations produce truly random numbers that can be used for applications are requiring a high degree of randomness. A beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used in these systems. In this paper, mathematical descriptions were obtained for the use of such beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems with homodyne detection. We derived equations which allowed us to estimate the impact of the scheme parameters’ imperfection upon measurement results. We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum descriptions for a Y-splitter and a beam splitter with two inputs.

Quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations produce truly random numbers that can be used for applications are requiring a high degree of randomness. A beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used in these systems. In this paper, mathematical descriptions were obtained for the use of such beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems with homodyne detection. We derived equations which allowed us to estimate the impact of the scheme parameters’ imperfection upon measurement results. We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum descriptions for a Y-splitter and a beam splitter with two inputs.

quantum random number generationbeam splitterY-splittervacuum fluctuationsquantum random number generationbeam splitterY-splittervacuum fluctuationsThis work was partially financially supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (grant 074-U01).This work was partially financially supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (grant 074-U01).ReferencesScarany V., Bechmann-Pasquinucci H., et. al. The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2009, 81, P. 1301–1350.Scarany V., Bechmann-Pasquinucci H., et. al. The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2009, 81, P. 1301–1350.Jennewein T., Achleitner U., et. al. A fast and compact quantum random number generator. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2000, 71(4), P. 1675–1680.Jennewein T., Achleitner U., et. al. A fast and compact quantum random number generator. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2000, 71(4), P. 1675–1680.Kwon O.,Cho Y.-W. , Kim Y.-H. Quantum random number generator using photon-number path entanglement. Appl. Opt., 2009, 48, P. 1774–1778.Kwon O.,Cho Y.-W. , Kim Y.-H. Quantum random number generator using photon-number path entanglement. Appl. Opt., 2009, 48, P. 1774–1778.Qi B., Chi Y.-M., et. al. High-speed quantum random number generation by measuring phase noise of a single-mode laser. Optics Letters, 2010, 35, P. 312–314.Qi B., Chi Y.-M., et. al. High-speed quantum random number generation by measuring phase noise of a single-mode laser. Optics Letters, 2010, 35, P. 312–314.Dynes J. F., Yuan Z. L, et al. A high speed, post-processing free, quantum random number generator. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 93, P. 031109.Dynes J. F., Yuan Z. L, et al. A high speed, post-processing free, quantum random number generator. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 93, P. 031109.Shen Y., Tian L.,Zou H. Practical quantum random number generator based on measuring the shot noise of vacuum states. Phys. Rev. A., 2010, 81, P. 063814.Shen Y., Tian L.,Zou H. Practical quantum random number generator based on measuring the shot noise of vacuum states. Phys. Rev. A., 2010, 81, P. 063814.Gabriel C., Wittmann C., et. al. A generator for unique quantum random numbers based on vacuum states. Nature Phot., 2010, 4, P. 711–715.Gabriel C., Wittmann C., et. al. A generator for unique quantum random numbers based on vacuum states. Nature Phot., 2010, 4, P. 711–715.Ivanova A. E, Chivilikhin S. A, Popov I. Yu, Gleim A. V. On the possibility of using optical Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems based on fluctuations of vacuum. Nanosyst.: Phys., Chem., Math., 2015, 6(1), P. 95–99.Ivanova A. E, Chivilikhin S. A, Popov I. Yu, Gleim A. V. On the possibility of using optical Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems based on fluctuations of vacuum. Nanosyst.: Phys., Chem., Math., 2015, 6(1), P. 95–99.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.