<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2016-7-6-1024-1030</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-842</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И НАУКА О МАТЕРИАЛАХ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Synthesis and studies on structural and optical properties of zinc oxide and manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sundar</surname><given-names>S. Ajin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Physics</p><p>Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, Pin – 643002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>John</surname><given-names>N. Joseph</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Physics</p><p>Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu, Pin – 623502</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">njosephjohn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Government Arts College</institution><country>India</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Sethupathy Government Arts College</institution><country>India</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1024</fpage><lpage>1030</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sundar S.A., John N.J., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Sundar S.A., John N.J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sundar S.A., John N.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/842">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/842</self-uri><abstract><p>Wet chemical techniques have been used to synthesize undoped and Mn-doped nanoparticles at room temperature. Highly stable pure and 5.0 weight% Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared. The morphologies, structures and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectra. The results clearly reveled that both the pure and doped samples had a wurtzite hexagonal phase. The SEM studies illustrated that grain size decreases with Mn doping, with average diameter ∼30 nm, which is in good agreement with the average crystalline size calculated by Scherrer’s formula. The strong absorption band in the UV region for the prepared samples can be attributed to the band edge absorption of the wurtzite hexagonal ZnO.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>X-ray techniques</kwd><kwd>structural</kwd><kwd>FTIR</kwd><kwd>SEM</kwd><kwd>EDX</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author N. Joseph John acknowledges the University Grants Commission for providing financial support (No. F-MRP-4962/14 (MRP/UGC-SERO)).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietl T., Ohno H., Matsukura F., Cibert J., and Ferrand D. Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blende magnetic semiconductors. Science, 2000, 287, P. 1019–1027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietl T., Ohno H., Matsukura F., Cibert J., and Ferrand D. Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blende magnetic semiconductors. Science, 2000, 287, P. 1019–1027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sato K. and Katayama-Yoshida H. Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. Physica E Amsterdam, 2001, 10, P. 251–258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sato K. and Katayama-Yoshida H. Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. Physica E Amsterdam, 2001, 10, P. 251–258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pemmaraju C.D., Hanafin R., Archer T., Braun H.B., Sanvito S. Impurity-ion pair induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in co-doped ZnO. Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 78, P. 452–461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pemmaraju C.D., Hanafin R., Archer T., Braun H.B., Sanvito S. Impurity-ion pair induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in co-doped ZnO. Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 78, P. 452–461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarsari I.A., Pemmaraju C.D., Salamati H., Sanvito S. Many-body quasiparticle spectrum of co-doped ZnO: A GW perspective. Phys. Rev. B, 2013, 87, P. 781–790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarsari I.A., Pemmaraju C.D., Salamati H., Sanvito S. Many-body quasiparticle spectrum of co-doped ZnO: A GW perspective. Phys. Rev. B, 2013, 87, P. 781–790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsukazaki A., Ohtomo A., Onuma T., Ohtani M., Makino T., Sumiya M., Ohtani K., Chichibu S.F., Fuke S., Segawa Y., et al. Repeated temperature modulation epitaxy for p-type doping and light-emitting diode based on ZnO. Nat. Mater., 2004, 1, P. 42–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsukazaki A., Ohtomo A., Onuma T., Ohtani M., Makino T., Sumiya M., Ohtani K., Chichibu S.F., Fuke S., Segawa Y., et al. Repeated temperature modulation epitaxy for p-type doping and light-emitting diode based on ZnO. Nat. Mater., 2004, 1, P. 42–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozgur U., Alivov Y.I., Liu C., Teke A., Reshchikov M., Dogan S., Avrutin V., Cho S.-J., Morkoc H. A comprehensive review of ZnO ˇ materials and devices. J. Appl. Phys., 2005, 98(4), P. 341–352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozgur U., Alivov Y.I., Liu C., Teke A., Reshchikov M., Dogan S., Avrutin V., Cho S.-J., Morkoc H. A comprehensive review of ZnO ˇ materials and devices. J. Appl. Phys., 2005, 98(4), P. 341–352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad M., Zhao J., Iqbal J., Miao W., Xie L., Mo R., Zhu J. Conductivity enhancement by slight indium doping in ZnO nanowires for optoelectronic applications. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2009, 42(16), P. 158–165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad M., Zhao J., Iqbal J., Miao W., Xie L., Mo R., Zhu J. Conductivity enhancement by slight indium doping in ZnO nanowires for optoelectronic applications. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2009, 42(16), P. 158–165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teklemichael S.T., Oo W.H., McCluskey M., Walter E.D., Hoyt D.W. Acceptors in ZnO nanocrystals. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 98(23), 232–422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teklemichael S.T., Oo W.H., McCluskey M., Walter E.D., Hoyt D.W. Acceptors in ZnO nanocrystals. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 98(23), 232–422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iqbal J., Liu X., Majid A., and Yu R. Synthesis and physical properties of Mn doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductor nanostructures. Journal of superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2011, 24(1-2), P. 699–704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iqbal J., Liu X., Majid A., and Yu R. Synthesis and physical properties of Mn doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductor nanostructures. Journal of superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2011, 24(1-2), P. 699–704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raval H.D. and Gohil J.M. Nanotechnology in water treatment:an emerging trend. International Journal of Nuclear Desalination. 2010, 4(2), P. 184–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raval H.D. and Gohil J.M. Nanotechnology in water treatment:an emerging trend. International Journal of Nuclear Desalination. 2010, 4(2), P. 184–188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L.W., Xu Z., Zhang F.J., Zhao S.L., and Lu L.F. Structure, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering. International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials, 2010, 17(4), 475–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L.W., Xu Z., Zhang F.J., Zhao S.L., and Lu L.F. Structure, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering. International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials, 2010, 17(4), 475–480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi-Wei W., Ming-Yuan Z., Min Z., et al. Effects of pulsed magneticfield onMn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductorprepared by hydrothermalmethod. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(19), P. 873–881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi-Wei W., Ming-Yuan Z., Min Z., et al. Effects of pulsed magneticfield onMn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductorprepared by hydrothermalmethod. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(19), P. 873–881.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan X.X. and Xu G.Y. Effect of sintering atmosphere on the electrical and optical properties of (ZnO)1-x(MnO2)x NTCRceramics. Physica B, 2009, 404(16), P. 2377–2381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan X.X. and Xu G.Y. Effect of sintering atmosphere on the electrical and optical properties of (ZnO)1-x(MnO2)x NTCRceramics. Physica B, 2009, 404(16), P. 2377–2381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdollahi Y., Abdullah A., Zainal Z., and Yusof N. Synthesisand characterization of Manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2011, 4, P. 62–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdollahi Y., Abdullah A., Zainal Z., and Yusof N. Synthesisand characterization of Manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2011, 4, P. 62–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soni B., Deshpande M.P., Bhatt S., Garg N., Pandya N., and Chaki S.H. Influence ofMn doping on optical properties of ZnOnanoparticles synthesized by microwave irradiation. Journal of Optics, 2013, 42(4), P. 328–334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soni B., Deshpande M.P., Bhatt S., Garg N., Pandya N., and Chaki S.H. Influence ofMn doping on optical properties of ZnOnanoparticles synthesized by microwave irradiation. Journal of Optics, 2013, 42(4), P. 328–334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campet G., Jakani M., Doumerc J.P., Claverie J., Hagenmuller P. Photoconduction mechanisms in titanium and rare earth n-type semiconducting electrodes with pyrochlore and perovskite structures. Solid State Communications, 1982, 42(2), P. 93–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campet G., Jakani M., Doumerc J.P., Claverie J., Hagenmuller P. Photoconduction mechanisms in titanium and rare earth n-type semiconducting electrodes with pyrochlore and perovskite structures. Solid State Communications, 1982, 42(2), P. 93–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi W., Termin A., Hoffmann M. The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(51), P. 13669-13679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi W., Termin A., Hoffmann M. The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(51), P. 13669-13679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Umebayashi T., Yamaki T., Itoh H., Asai K. Analysis of electronic structures of 3d transition metal-doped TiO2 based on band calculations. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2002, 63(10), P. 1909–1920.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umebayashi T., Yamaki T., Itoh H., Asai K. Analysis of electronic structures of 3d transition metal-doped TiO2 based on band calculations. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2002, 63(10), P. 1909–1920.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R., Xin J.H., Yang Y., Liu H., Xu L., Hu J. The characteristics and photocatalytic activities of silver doped ZnO nanocrystallites. Applied Surface Science, 2004, 227(1-4), P. 312–317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R., Xin J.H., Yang Y., Liu H., Xu L., Hu J. The characteristics and photocatalytic activities of silver doped ZnO nanocrystallites. Applied Surface Science, 2004, 227(1-4), P. 312–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cong C.J., Hong J.H., Liu Q.Y., Liao L., Zhang K.L. Synthesis, structure and ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Solid State Communications, 2006, 138(10-11), P. 511–515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cong C.J., Hong J.H., Liu Q.Y., Liao L., Zhang K.L. Synthesis, structure and ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Solid State Communications, 2006, 138(10-11), P. 511–515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanade K.G., Kale B.B., Baeg J.-O., Lee S.M., Lee C.W., Moon S.-J., Chang H. Self-assembled aligned Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 102(1), P. 98–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanade K.G., Kale B.B., Baeg J.-O., Lee S.M., Lee C.W., Moon S.-J., Chang H. Self-assembled aligned Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 102(1), P. 98–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volbers N., Zhou H., Knies C., Pfisterer D., Sann J., Hofmann D.M., Meyer B.K. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO:Co2+nanoparticles. Applied Physics A: Materials Science &amp;. Processing, 2007, 88(1), P. 153–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volbers N., Zhou H., Knies C., Pfisterer D., Sann J., Hofmann D.M., Meyer B.K. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO:Co2+nanoparticles. Applied Physics A: Materials Science &amp;. Processing, 2007, 88(1), P. 153–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Wang W., Liu H., Liu X., Song Q., Ren S. First principles calculations of electronic band structure and optical properties of Cr-doped ZnO. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(19), P. 8460–8464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Wang W., Liu H., Liu X., Song Q., Ren S. First principles calculations of electronic band structure and optical properties of Cr-doped ZnO. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(19), P. 8460–8464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samaele N., Amornpitoksuk P., Suwanboon S. Morphology and optical properties of ZnO particles modified by diblock copolymer. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(4), P. 500–502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samaele N., Amornpitoksuk P., Suwanboon S. Morphology and optical properties of ZnO particles modified by diblock copolymer. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(4), P. 500–502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halperin B., Lax M. Impurity-band tails in the high-density limit. I. Minimum counting methods. Physical Review, 1966, 148(2), P. 722– 740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halperin B., Lax M. Impurity-band tails in the high-density limit. I. Minimum counting methods. Physical Review, 1966, 148(2), P. 722– 740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ullah R., Dutta J. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes with manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2008, 156(1-3), P. 194–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullah R., Dutta J. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes with manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2008, 156(1-3), P. 194–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsuzuki T., Smith Z., Parker A., He R., Wang X. Photocatalytic activity of manganese-doped ZnO nanocrystalline powders. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 2009, 45(1), P. 58–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsuzuki T., Smith Z., Parker A., He R., Wang X. Photocatalytic activity of manganese-doped ZnO nanocrystalline powders. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 2009, 45(1), P. 58–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z.K., Yu P., Wang G.K.L., Kawasaki M., Ohtomo A., Koinuma H. and Segawa Y. Ultraviolet Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission from ZnO Microcrystallites at Room Temperature. Solid State Commun., 1997, 103, P. 459–461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Z.K., Yu P., Wang G.K.L., Kawasaki M., Ohtomo A., Koinuma H. and Segawa Y. Ultraviolet Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission from ZnO Microcrystallites at Room Temperature. Solid State Commun., 1997, 103, P. 459–461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagnall D.M., Chen Y.F., Zhu Z., Yao T., Koyama S., Shen M.Y. and Goto G. Optically pumped lasing of ZnO at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, 70, P. 2230–2232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagnall D.M., Chen Y.F., Zhu Z., Yao T., Koyama S., Shen M.Y. and Goto G. Optically pumped lasing of ZnO at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, 70, P. 2230–2232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawasaki M., Ohtomo A., Ohkubo I., Koinuma H., Tang Z.K., Yu P., Wong G.K.L., Zhang B.P. and Segawa Y. Room temperature ultraviolet emission fromself assembled ZnOmicrocrystalline thin films. Mater. Sci., 1998, B56, P. 239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawasaki M., Ohtomo A., Ohkubo I., Koinuma H., Tang Z.K., Yu P., Wong G.K.L., Zhang B.P. and Segawa Y. Room temperature ultraviolet emission fromself assembled ZnOmicrocrystalline thin films. Mater. Sci., 1998, B56, P. 239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohtomo A., Kawasaki M., Ohkubo I., Koinuma H., Yasuda Y. and Segawa Y. Structural and optical properties of ZnO/MgO0.2MgO super lattics. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 75, P. 980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohtomo A., Kawasaki M., Ohkubo I., Koinuma H., Yasuda Y. and Segawa Y. Structural and optical properties of ZnO/MgO0.2MgO super lattics. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 75, P. 980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brus L.E., Harkless J.A.W., and Stillinger F.H. Theoretical Metastability of Semiconductor Crystallites in High Pressure Phases, with Application to Beta-Tin Structure Silicon. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, P. 4834–4840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brus L.E., Harkless J.A.W., and Stillinger F.H. Theoretical Metastability of Semiconductor Crystallites in High Pressure Phases, with Application to Beta-Tin Structure Silicon. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, P. 4834–4840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrishami M.E., et. al. Structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nano powders doped with Mn. Phys. Status Solidi C, 2010, 7 , P. 1595–1601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrishami M.E., et. al. Structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nano powders doped with Mn. Phys. Status Solidi C, 2010, 7 , P. 1595–1601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav R.S., Pandey A.C., and Sanjaya S.S. Chalcogenide Lett., 2009, 6, P. 233–240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav R.S., Pandey A.C., and Sanjaya S.S. Chalcogenide Lett., 2009, 6, P. 233–240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riahi-Noori N., et. al. Optical properties of europium doped bunches of ZnO nanowires synthesized by co precipition method. J. Ceram. Process. Res., 2008, 9,P. 246–252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riahi-Noori N., et. al. Optical properties of europium doped bunches of ZnO nanowires synthesized by co precipition method. J. Ceram. Process. Res., 2008, 9,P. 246–252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J.H., Hsin C.L., Liu J., Chen L.J. and Wang Z.L. Piezoelectric Gated Diode of a Single ZnO Nanowire. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19, P. 781–788.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J.H., Hsin C.L., Liu J., Chen L.J. and Wang Z.L. Piezoelectric Gated Diode of a Single ZnO Nanowire. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19, P. 781–788.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C.V., Haung Y.T., Su W.F., Lin C.F. Electroluminescence from ZnO nanoparticles/ organic nanocomposites. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006, 89(23), P. 11–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C.V., Haung Y.T., Su W.F., Lin C.F. Electroluminescence from ZnO nanoparticles/ organic nanocomposites. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006, 89(23), P. 11–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia M.A., et. al. Magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Nano Lett., 2007, 7, P. 1489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia M.A., et. al. Magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Nano Lett., 2007, 7, P. 1489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fonoberov V.A. and Balandin A.A. J. Nanoelectron Optoe. 2006, 119 , P. 78–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fonoberov V.A. and Balandin A.A. J. Nanoelectron Optoe. 2006, 119 , P. 78–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon S.S., et. al. ZnO quantum dots: Physical properties and optoelectronic applications. Adv. Mater., 2008 ,20, P. 4557–4565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon S.S., et. al. ZnO quantum dots: Physical properties and optoelectronic applications. Adv. Mater., 2008 ,20, P. 4557–4565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visvanatha R., Sapra S., Gupta S.S., et. al. Synthesis and characterization of Mn doped ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004,108(20), P. 6303–6310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visvanatha R., Sapra S., Gupta S.S., et. al. Synthesis and characterization of Mn doped ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004,108(20), P. 6303–6310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hao M.Y., Lou S.Y., Zhou S.M., Yuan R.J., Zhu G.Y. and Li N. Structural, optical, and magnetic studies of manganese doped zinc oxide hierarchical microspheres by self assembly of nanoparticles. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2012,7(100), P. 111–113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hao M.Y., Lou S.Y., Zhou S.M., Yuan R.J., Zhu G.Y. and Li N. Structural, optical, and magnetic studies of manganese doped zinc oxide hierarchical microspheres by self assembly of nanoparticles. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2012,7(100), P. 111–113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu D., Huang Z., Yin G., et. al. Preparation structure and properties of Mn-doped ZnO rod arrays. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12(1), P. 192–198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu D., Huang Z., Yin G., et. al. Preparation structure and properties of Mn-doped ZnO rod arrays. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12(1), P. 192–198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
