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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2220-8054-2015-6-2-205-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS, PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>PAPERS, PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Uncertainty relation between angle and orbital angular momentum: interference effect in electron vortex beams</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanimura</surname><given-names>Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shogo Tanimura, Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Information Science</p><p>Nagoya 464-8601</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanimura@is.nagoya-u.ac.jp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Nagoya University<country>Japan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tanimura S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Tanimura S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tanimura S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/919">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/919</self-uri><abstract><p>The uncertainty relation between angle and orbital angular momentum had not been formulated in a similar form as the uncertainty relation between position and linear momentum because the angle variable is not represented by a quantum mechanical self-adjoint operator. Instead of the angle variable operator, we introduce the complex position operator  ˆZ = ˆx+iˆy and interpret the order parameter µ = ⟨ ˆZ⟩/⟨ ˆZ† ˆZ⟩ as a measure of certainty of the angle distribution. We prove the relation between the uncertainty of angular momentum and the angle order parameter. We also prove its generalizations and discuss experimental methods for testing these relations.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uncertainty relation</kwd><kwd>orbital angular momentum</kwd><kwd>order parameter</kwd><kwd>vortex electron beam</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The author thanks Keisuke Watanabe, who discussed with me the tighter version of the uncertainty inequality, Eq. (36). He thanks Prof. Katsuhiro Nakamura and Prof. Davron Matrasulov for their warm hospitality for supporting his stays in Uzbekistan. This manuscript is written as a part of the proceedings of the workshop, Wave dynamics in low-dimensional branched structures, held during September 23–24, 2014 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. This work is financially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant No. 26400417.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heisenberg W. ¨Uber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik. Z. Physik, 43, P. 172 (1927).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heisenberg W. ¨Uber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik. Z. Physik, 43, P. 172 (1927).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson H.P. The uncertainty principle. Phys. 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