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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-8054</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-7971</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najo-978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OTHERS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>OTHERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Structural changes in industrial glassy carbon as a function of heat treatment temperature according to Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukalov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buklei@ineos.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubavichus</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yzubav@googlemail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leites</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotosonov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Scientific and Technical Center on Raman Spectrocopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Scientific and Technical Center on Raman Spectrocopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences; A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-4"><institution>State Scientific Research Institute of Graphite (NIIGrafit)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bukalov S.S., Zubavichus Y.V., Leites L.A., Sorokin A.I., Kotosonov A.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Bukalov S.S., Zubavichus Y.V., Leites L.A., Sorokin A.I., Kotosonov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bukalov S.S., Zubavichus Y.V., Leites L.A., Sorokin A.I., Kotosonov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/978">https://nanojournal.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract><p>Changes in the structure of glassy carbon as a function of heat treatment temperature is investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. It is shown that the glassy carbon samples studied can be described as poorly ordered turbostratic nanographite. An increase in temperature leads to some ordering with preservation of the general structural motif. Based on spectroscopic evidence, graphene sheet curvature in the high-temperature glassy carbon samples is suggested.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Glassy carbon</kwd><kwd>nanographite</kwd><kwd>Raman spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>X-ray diffraction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors (S.S.B. and L.A.L.) acknowledge partial financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (# 13-03-00993).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IUPAC Recommended terminology for the description of carbon as a solid. Pure and Appl. 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