Heterodyne detection method of multimode states for subcarrier wave continuous variable quantum key distribution
I. M. Filipov,
R. K. Goncharov,
M. V. Dashkov,
E. I. Bogdanova,
A. V. Zinovev,
V. V. Chistiakov,
F. D. Kiselev https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2025-16-6-778-784
Abstract
A novel coherent detection method for subcarrier wave (SCW) quantum states applied to continuousvariable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is presented. The proposed approach relies on repeated phase modulation at the receiver and spatial separation of the carrier and subcarrier frequency components. The resulting output is an intermediate frequency determined by the difference between the sender’s and receiver’s modulation frequencies. An analytical model of the detection output is developed through time-varying modulation using a classical method based on Bessel functions, and a comparative analysis with alternative heterodyne detection methods is provided. Experimental validation confirms the linear dependence of the output signal on the receiver’s modulation frequency and the sender’s modulation index in the small-modulation regime. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through the detection of discretely modulated signals using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK).
Supporting agencies: The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No.24- 11-00398).
About the Authors
I. M. Filipov
ITMO University; SMARTS-Quanttelecom LLC
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ilya Filipov
Saint Petersburg, Kadetskaya Line 3k2; 199178, Saint Petersburg, Vasilievsky island 6 Line 59
R. K. Goncharov
ITMO University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Roman Goncharov
199034, Saint Petersburg, Kadetskaya Line 3k2
M. V. Dashkov
Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PSUTI)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Michael Dashkov
443010, Samara, Moskovskoe Shosse St., 77
E. I. Bogdanova
Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PSUTI)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina Bogdanova
443010, Samara, Moskovskoe Shosse St., 77
A. V. Zinovev
ITMO University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexandr Zinovev
199034, Saint Petersburg, Kadetskaya Line 3k2
V. V. Chistiakov
ITMO University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vladimir Chistiakov
199034, Saint Petersburg, Kadetskaya Line 3k2
F. D. Kiselev
ITMO University; SMARTS-Quanttelecom LLC
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Fedor Kiselev
199034, Saint Petersburg, Kadetskaya Line 3k2; 199178, Saint Petersburg, Vasilievsky island 6 Line 59
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Review
For citations:
Filipov I.M., Goncharov R.K., Dashkov M.V., Bogdanova E.I., Zinovev A.V., Chistiakov V.V., Kiselev F.D. Heterodyne detection method of multimode states for subcarrier wave continuous variable quantum key distribution. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics. 2025;16(6):778-784. https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2025-16-6-778-784
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