Роль электронной структуры оксидного кластера ванадия на окисление метанола

Для объяснения каталитической активности нейтральных оксидных кластеров ванадия в окислении метанола (CH₃OH) проведено квантово-химическое моделирование адсорбции метанола на кластере V₄O₁₀ и его дальнейшее окисление до формальдегида (CH₂O) методом функционала плотности и функционалом PBE. Согласно проведенным расчетам, кластер имеет тетраэдрическую «клеточную» структуру с четырьмя терминальными V=O(t) и шестью мостиковыми V–O(b)–V фрагментами. Реакция метанола и V₄O₁₀ проходит по сложному механизму, включающему последовательные стадии ассоциации и дегидрирования. Показана различная роль в процессе двух кислородов O(t) и O(b). Анализ атомных зарядов и электронной плотности в V₄O₁₀ позволил нам объяснить полученные закономерности и предсказать снижение активационного барьера лимитирующей стадии образования (CH₂O)V₄O₁₀H₂ при наличии положительного заряда на кластере V₄O₁₀ или при введении в структуру кластера титана.

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