High sensitive room temperature ammonia sensor based on dopant free m-WO3 nanoparticles: Effect of calcination temperature
https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2020-11-5-578-589
Abstract
In this article, monoclinic tungsten tri-oxide (m-WO3) nanoparticles (hereafter NPs) were prepared by facile precipitation method and they were successfully examined as gas sensing materials for monitoring gaseous ammonia at room temperature have been reported. The effect of calcination temperature on structural and morphological properties of the prepared samples were also investigated. Physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, UV-Vis and PL analysis. XRD studies confirmed the monoclinic structure of the prepared NPs. Optical studies disclosed that the obtained samples were having wider optical band gaps ranging from 2.48 to 2.76 eV. Sensing signatures such as selectivity, transient response along with performance indicators like repeatability and stability have also been investigated. Invitingly, the sample calcined at 823 K exhibited highly improved sensing response of 142 towards 200 ppm of ammonia with rapid response/recovery time of 26 / 79 s.
About the Authors
M. S. Duraisami
PG & Research Department of Physics, Poompuhar College (Autonomous); Affiliated to Bharathidasan University
India
India
Melaiyur – 609107, Tamilnadu
Tiruchirappalli
K. Parasuraman
PG & Research Department of Physics, Poompuhar College (Autonomous); Affiliated to Bharathidasan University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Melaiyur – 609107, Tamilnadu
Tiruchirappalli
References
1. Agency for toxic substances and disease (ASTDR) Registry, Public Heal. Statement Ammon. 2004, CAS# 7664–41–7, 1 (n.d.).
2. Erisman J.W., Sutton M.A., et al. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nat. Geosci., 2008, 1, P. 636–639.
3. Malins C., Doyle A., et al. Personal ammonia sensor for industrial environments. J. Environ. Monit., 1999, 1, P. 417–422.
4. Alarie Y. Dose–response analysis in animal studies: prediction of human responses. Environ. Health Perspect., 1981, 42, P. 9–13.
5. Mani G.K., Rayappan J.B.B. A highly selective room temperature ammonia sensor using spray deposited zinc oxide thin film. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 2013, 183, P. 459–466.
6. Timmer B., Olthuis W., Berg A.V.D. Ammonia sensors and their applications – A review. Sens. Actuators B. Chem., 2005, 107 (2), P. 666–677.
7. Parthasarathy Srinivasan, Madeshwari Ezhilan, et al. Room temperature chemiresistive gas sensors: challenges and strategies – a mini review. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019, 30, P. 15825–15847.
8. Reza Abazari, Ali Reza Mahjoub, et al. Characterization and optical properties of spherical WO3 nanoparticles synthesized via the reverse microemulsion process and their photocatalytic behavior. Materials letters, 2014, 133, P. 208–211.
9. Llobet E., Molas G., et al. Fabrication of Highly Selective Tungsten Oxide Ammonia Sensors. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2000, 147 (2), P. 776–779.
10. Wood V., Panzer M.J., et al. Selection of Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Colloidal Quantum Dot LEDs. ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (11), P. 3581–3586.
11. Lidia Santos, Celia Silveira, et al. Synthesis of WO3 Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 2015, 223, P. 186–194.
12. Jinhui Wang, Liu G., Youwei Du. Mechanochemical synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze nanocrystalline powders. Materials Letters, 2003, 57 (22–23), P. 3648–3652.
13. Haidong Zheng, Jian Zhen Ou, et al. Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide-Properties, Synthesis, and Applications. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2011, 21, P. 2175–2196.
14. Guan Wang, Yuan Ji, et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Polycrystalline WO3 Nanofibers and Their Application for Ammonia Sensing. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, P. 23777–23782.
15. Zuquan Wu, Xiangdong Chen, et al. Enhanced sensitivity of ammonia sensor using graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite. Sensors and Actuators B, 2013, 178, P. 485–493.
16. Liu H., Shen W., Chen X. A room temperature operated ammonia gas sensor based on Ag-decorated TiO2 quantum dot clusters. RSC Adv., 2019, 9, P. 24519–24526.
17. Wang C.-Y., Zhang X., et al. Ammonia sensing by closely packed WO3 microspheres with oxygen vacancies. Chemosphere, 2018, 204, P. 202–209.
18. Tai H., Jiang Y., et al. Fabrication and gas sensitivity of polyaniline–titanium dioxide nanocomposite thin film. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2007, 125, P. 644–923.
19. Li C.F., Hsu C.Y., Li Y.Y. NH3 sensing properties of ZnO thin films prepared via sol–gel method. J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 606, P. 27–31.
20. Martinez-de la Cruz A., Sanchez Martinez D., Lopez Cuellar E. Synthesis and characterization of WO3 nanoparticles prepared by the precipitation method: Evaluation of photocatalytic activity under vis–irradiation. Solid State Sciences, 2010, 12, P. 88–94.
21. Ahmadi M., Sahoo S., et al. WO3 nano-ribbons: Their phase transformation from tungstite (WO3·H2O) to tungsten oxide (WO3). J. Mater. Sci., 2014,49 (17), P. 5899–5909.
22. Parthasarathy Srinivasan, John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan. Growth of Eshelby twisted ZnO nanowires through nanoflakes & nanoflowers: A room temperature ammonia sensor. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 2018, 277, P. 129–143.
23. Chen D., Sugahara Y. Tungstate–Based Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanobelts/Nanotubes with Lamellar Mesostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formation Mechanism, Chem. Mater.,2007, 19, P. 1808–1815.
24. Diaz-Reyes J., Dorantes-Garc´ıa V., Perez-Ben´ıtez A., Balderas-Lopez J.A. Obtaining of films of tungsten trioxide (WO3) by resistive heating of a tungsten filament. Superficies y Vac´ıo., 2008, 21 (2), P. 12–17.
25. Jie Li, Yuan Liu, et al. A full-sunlight-driven photocatalyst with super long-persistent energy storage ability. Sci. Rep., 2013, 3 (2409), P. 1–6.
26. Wang W., Janotti A., Van de Walle C.G. Role of oxygen vacancies in crystalline WO3. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4, P. 6641–6648.
27. Kriti, Puneet Kaur, et al. Influence of defect structure on colour tenability and magneto optical behaviour of WO3 nanoforms. RSC Adv., 2019, 9, P. 20536–20548.
28. Jeyapaul T., Prakash K., et al. Synthesis of WO3 nanorods and their photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. Rasayan J. Chem., 2018, 11 (4), P. 1405–1414.
29. Mohammed Harshulkhan S., Janaki K., et al. Structural and optical properties of Ag doped tungsten oxide (WO3) by microwave–assisted chemical route. J. Mater Sci: Mater. Electron., 2016, 27, P. 3158–3163.
30. Arockia Jayalatha Kulandaisamy, Jonnala Rakesh Reddy, et al. Room temperature ammonia sensing properties of ZnO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis: Effect of Mg doping. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 688, P. 422–429.
31. Dill J.D., Allen L.C., Topp W.C., Pople J.A. Systematic study of the nine hydrogen–bonded dimers involving ammonia, water, and hydrofluoric acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, P. 7220–7226.
32. Nayak A.K., Ghosh R., et al. Hierarchical nanostructured WO3–SnO2 for selective sensing of volatile organic compounds. Nanoscale, 2015, 7, P. 12460–12473.
33. Barsan N., Weimar U. Conduction Model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors. J. Electroceramics, 2001, 7, P. 143–167.
34. Jeevitha G., Abhinayaa R., et al. Porous reduced graphene oxide rGO/WO3 nanocomposites for the enhanced detection of NH3 at room temperature. Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, P. 1799–1811.
35. Wang H., Quan X., Zhang Y., Chen S. Direct growth and photoelectrochemical properties of tungsten oxide nanobelt arrays, Nanotechnology, 2008, 19 (065704), P. 1–6.
36. Patil D.R., Patil L.A., Amalnerkar D.P. Ethanol gas sensing properties of Al2O3-doped ZnO thick film resistors. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2007, 30, P. 553–559.
37. Yan A., Xie C., et al. Synthesis, formation mechanism and sensing properties of WO3 hydrate nanowire netted-spheres. Materials Research Bulletin, 2010, 45 (10), P. 1541–1547.
38. Nguyen Van Hieu, Vu Van Quang, Nguyen Duc Hoa, Dojin Kim. Preparing large–scale WO3 nanowire-like structure for high sensitivity NH3 gas sensor through a simple route. Curr. Appl. Phys., 2011, 11, P. 657–661.
39. Ji-yan Leng, Xiu-juan Xu, et al. Synthesis and gas-sensing characteristics of WO3 nanofibers via electrospinning. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 356, P. 54–57.
40. Sengupta P.P., Kar P., Adhikari B. Influence of dopant in the synthesis, characteristics and ammonia sensing behavior of processable polyaniline. Thin Solid Films, 2009, 517, P. 3770–3775.
41. Tulliani J.M., Cavalieri A., et al. Room temperature ammonia sensors based on zinc oxide and functionalized graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Sensors and Actuators B, 2011, 152, P. 144–154.
42. Siril V.S., Madhusoodanan K.N., Rajan S.K., Louis G. Study on ammonia gas sensing property of hydrothermally synthesized pure ZnO nanorods. AIP Conf. Proc., 2017, 1849, 020033.
43. Andre R., Kwak D., et al. Sensitive and Selective NH3 Monitoring at Room Temperature Using ZnO Ceramic Nanofibers Decorated with Poly (styrene sulfonate). Sensors, 2018, 18 (1058), P. 1–13.
44. Venkatesh P.S., Dharmaraj P., et al. Point defects assisted NH3 gas sensing properties in ZnO nanostructures. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 2015, 212, P. 10–17.
Review
For citations:
Duraisami M.S., Parasuraman K. High sensitive room temperature ammonia sensor based on dopant free m-WO3 nanoparticles: Effect of calcination temperature. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics. 2020;11(5):578–589. https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2020-11-5-578-589
Views:
2
Email this article 