Investigation of the effect of zinc precursors onto structural, optical and electrical properties of CBD deposited ZnS thin films
https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-3-317-328
Abstract
Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were deposited onto microscopic silica slides through the cost-effective chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The optimized bath parameters were: 25 ml of 0.1 M zinc precursors (ZnCl2, Zn(CH3COO)2, ZnSO4), 25 ml of 1 M thiourea and 3 ml of 3.75 M triethanolamine (TEA). The effects of different zinc precursors (ZnCl2, Zn(CH3COO)2, ZnSO4) on the growth mechanism of ZnS thin film were investigated using thermal, structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies. The XRD pattern has shown Miller indexing peaks corresponding to the hexagonal phase of as-grown ZnS thin film with the estimated grain size of 22 – 27 nm. The change in physical properties (weight loss) of ZnS powder as a function of temperature was recorded using thermogravimetry (TGA/DTA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the effect of ZnCl2, Zn(CH3COO)2 and ZnSO4 precursors on growth mechanism. UV/visible optical transmission/absorption spectra displayed the transmittance between 10 to 29 % of as-grown ZnS thin film with a band gap in the range of 4.10 – 4.25 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) analyses demonstrated broad blue emission around ~ 459 nm was attributed to recombination of electron-hole pair from donor-acceptor trap levels to valance band. Raman spectra of ZnS powder prepared using different zinc precursors were also reported. The values of electrical parameters (resistivity, conductivity, activation energy, Hall coefficient, carrier concentration, mobility) were investigated using the two-point probe method and Hall-effect apparatus.
Supporting agencies: The authors are grateful to Prof. M. P. Deshpande, Prof. G. K. Solanki and Prof. S. H. Chaki, Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, VallabhVidhyanagar, Anand, Gujarat for providing TGA, PL and Raman facilities. We also acknowledge IISER, Bhopal for XRD Study. We also extend our thanks to the Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre for Applied Research & Testing (SICART), Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat for UV/Visible measurements and Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat for SEM.
About the Authors
R. P. Khatri
Department of Physics, Gujarat Technological University
India
India
Rajeshkumar P Khatri
Ahmedabad 382424, Gujarat
A. J. Patel
Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Physics, Government Engineering College
India
India
Amitkumar J Patel
Godhra, Panchmahal 389001, Gujarat
References
1. Nemade K.R., Waghley S.A. Ultra-violet C absorption and LPG sensing study of zinc sulphide nanoparticles deposited by a flame-assisted spray pyrolysis method. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 2016, 10 (3), P. 437–441.
2. Islam M.M., Ishizuka S., et al. CIGS solar cell with MBE-grown ZnS buffer layer. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2009, 93, P. 970–972.
3. Bujňáková Z., Dutková E. Mechanochemistry of Chitosan-Coated Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) Nanocrystals for Bio-imaging Applications. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2017, 12, 328.
4. Ben Nasr T., Kamoun N., Guasch C. Structure, surface composition, and electronic properties of zinc sulphide thin films. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 96, P. 84–89.
5. Ubale A.U., Kulkarni D.K. Preparation and study of thickness dependent electrical characteristics of zinc sulfide thin films. Bull. Mater. Sci., 2005, 28 (1), P. 43–47.
6. Yu F-P., Ou S-L., et al. Structural, Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of ZnS Films by Chemical Bath Deposition at Various Zn/S Molar Ratios. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014, 6, P. 1–7.
7. Gode F. Annealing temperature effect on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnS thin films. Physica B, 2011, 406, P. 1653–1659.
8. Zein R., Alghoraibi I. Influence of Bath Temperature and Deposition Time on Topographical and Optical Properties of Nanoparticles ZnS Thin Films Synthesized by a Chemical Bath Deposition Method. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019, 1–13.
9. Cao M., Zhang B.L., Li L. Huang J., et al. Effects of zinc salts on structural and optical properties of acidic chemical bath deposited ZnS thin films. Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48, P. 357–361.
10. Liu T., Ke H., et al. Effect of four different zinc salts and annealing treatment on growth, structural, mechanical and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnS thin films by chemical bath deposition. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2014, 26, P. 301–311.
11. Gurin N.T., Sabitov O.Y., Afanas’ev A.M. Characteristics of surface states at the insulator-semiconductor interface in the thin-film electroluminescent structures based on ZnS:Mn. Semiconductors, 2010, 44 (4), P. 498–507.
12. Migita M., Kanehisa O., Shiiki M. Yamamoto H. The Preparation of ZnS:Mn electroluminescent layers by MOCVD using new manganese sources. Journal of Crystals Growth, 1988, 93 (1–4), P. 686–691.
13. Lindroos S., Kanniainen T. Leskela M., Rauhala E. Deposition of manganese-doped zinc sulfide thin films by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Thin Solid Films, 1995, 263 (1), P. 79–84.
14. Do˜na J. M., Herrero J. Process and film characterization of chemical-bath-deposited ZnS thin films. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1994, 141 (1), P. 205–210.
15. Oladeji I.O., Chow L., et al. Comparative study of CdS thin films deposited by single, contineous, and multiple dip chemical processes. Thin Solid Films, 2000, 359 (2), P. 154–159.
16. Liu J., Wei A., Zhao Y. Effect of different complexing agents on the properties of chemical-bath-deposited ZnS thin films. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 588, P. 228–234.
17. Khatri R.P., Patel A.J. Effect of post annealing on CBD deposited ZnS thin films. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 2018, 7 (1), P. 374–384.
18. Basha S.J., Khidhirbrahmendra V., et al. Structural, optical, magnetic and thermal investigations on Cr3+ ions doped ZnS nanocrystals by co-precipitation method. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2019, 4, P. 260–266.
19. Cullity B.D., Stock S.R. Element of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1956, 99 p.
20. Wang J., Hou S., et al. Ultra-rapid formation of ZnO hierarchical structures from dilution-induced supersaturated solutions. Cryst. Eng. Comm., 2014, 16, P. 7115–7123.
21. The Materials Project. Materials Data on Zn(HO)2 by Materials Project. United States, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.17188/1278479.
22. Echendu O.K., Weerasinghe A.R., et al. Characterization of n-type and p-type ZnS thin layers grown by an electrochemical method. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2013, 42 (4), P. 692–700.
23. Moholkar A.V., Agawane G.L., et al. Influence of deposition temperature on morphological, optical, electrical and opto-electrical properties of highly textured nano-crystalline spray deposited CdO:Ga thin films. Applied Surface Science, 2010, 257 (1), P. 93–101.
24. Ruffner J.A., Himel M.D., et al. Effects of low substrate temperature and ion assisted deposition on composition, optical properties, and stress of ZnS thin films. Applied Optics, 1989, 28 (24), 5209.
25. Ahn H., Um Y. Post-annealing effects on ZnS thin films grown by using CBD method. Journal of Korean Physical Society, 2015, 67 (6), P. 1045–1050.
26. Nadeem M.Y., Ahmed W. Optical properties of ZnS thin films. Turk. J. Phy., 2000, 24, P. 651–659.
27. Mendil R., Ben Ayadi Z., Ben Belgacem J., Djessas K. The properties of ZnS thin films prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering from nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal/hydrothermal route. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 2016, 27, P. 444–451.
28. Babu P., Reddy M., et al. Chemical bath deposition of Mn-doped ZnS thin films using greener complexing agents: Effect of Mn-doping on the optical properties. Optik, 2017, 130, P. 608–618.
29. Fairbrother A., Izquierdo-Roca V., et al. ZnS grain size effects on near-resonant Raman scattering: optical non-destructive grain size estimation. Cryst. Eng. Comm., 2014, 16, P. 4120–4125.
30. Vishwakarma R. Effect of substrate temperature on ZnS films prepared by thermal evaporation technique. J. Theor. Appl. Phys., 2015, 9, P. 185–192.
31. Shukla V., Patel A. Effect of doping concentration on optical and electrical properties of intrinsic n-type ZnO (i-ZnO) and (Cu,Na and K) doped p-type ZnO thin films grown by chemical bath deposition method. Nanosystems: physıcs, chemıstry, mathematıcs, 2020, 11 (4), P. 391–400.
32. Göde F., Gümüs¸ C. Influences of copper and manganese concentrations on the properties of polycrystalline ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Mn thin films. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2009, 11 (4), P. 429–436.
Review
For citations:
Khatri R.P., Patel A.J. Investigation of the effect of zinc precursors onto structural, optical and electrical properties of CBD deposited ZnS thin films. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics. 2021;12(3):317-328. https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-3-317-328
Views:
33
Email this article 