The microstructure effect on the Au/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites photocatalytic activity
https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2018-9-2-266-278
Abstract
In this work the systematic study of the Au/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated. Aeroxide P25 preparation was taken as a titania precusor. Composites were obtained using different wet chemistry techniques: impregnation by previously prepared nanoparticles(NPs) sols, in-situ reduction by sodium borohydride, sodium citrate and UV irradiation. The varying of the synthesis method due to the reduction rate differences results in the different interaction between metal NPs and titanium dioxide, and hence different metal/TiO2 contacts were observed. All the obtained samples were analyzed by XRD, TRS, SEM with EDX and TEM with EDX. According to the statistical analysis of the TEM images the correlation between the metal NPs rate formation and their anisotropy was shown, which may allow us to consider the anisotropy as a descriptor of the contact quality. Combining the results of the optical spectroscopy with the NPs TEM statistical analysis, we confirmed the correlation between observable anisotropy and the contact quality. Finally, the effect of the synthesis method on the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of nanocomposites was shown. Since the work functions of Au and Ag differ, the opposite effects on PCA are expected. Thus, in the case of the Au/TiO2 nanocomposites, the positive effect associated with NPs anisotropy on the PCA was demonstrated. Alternatively, in the case of the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites the PCA evolution was detected only in the case of small NPs formation.
Keywords
Supporting agencies: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No 16-33-01044. This work was supported by M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development. Authors are grateful to Dr. O.A. Shlyakhtin for the fruitful discussions and assistance with the lyophilization.
About the Authors
D. A. Kozlov
Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1-73 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
V. A. Lebedev
Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1-73 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
1-3 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
A. Yu. Polyakov
Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1-73 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
K. M. Khazova
Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1-73 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
A. V. Garshev
Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1-73 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
1-3 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991
49 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119334
References
1. Chong M.N., Jin B., Chow C.W., Saint C. Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review. Water Research, 2010, 44(10), P. 2997-3027.
2. Turchi C.S., Ollis D.F. Photocatalytic degradation of organic water contaminants: Mechanisms involving hydroxyl radical attack. Journal of Catalysis, 1990, 122(1), P. 178-192.
3. Zaleska A., Hupka J., Wiergowski M., Biziuk M. Photocatalytic degradation of lindane, p,p-DDT and methoxychlor in an aqueous environment. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2000, 135(23), P. 213-220.
4. Karthikeyan N., Narayanan V., Stephen A. Visible light degradation of textile effluent using nanostructured TiO2/Ag/CuO photocatalysts. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2016, 7(4), P. 695-698.
5. Abe R. Recent progress on photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 2010, 11(4), P. 179-209.
6. Habisreutinger S.N., Schmidt-Mende L., Stolarczyk J.K. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other semiconductors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013, 52(29), P. 7372-7408.
7. Carp O., Huisman C., Reller A. Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2004, 32(12), P. 33-177.
8. Low J., Cheng B., Yu J. Surface modification and enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of TiO2: a review. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 392, P. 658-686.
9. Kolesnik I.V., Chebotaeva G.S., Yashina L.V., Konstantinova E.A., Eliseev A.A., Lukashin A.V., Tretyakov Y.D. Preparation of Nanocrystalline Nitrogen-doped Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide. Mendeleev Communications, 2013, 23(1), P. 11-13.
10. Maksimov V.D., Shaporev A.S., Ivanov V.K., Churagulov B.R., Tretyakov Y.D. Hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline anatase from aqueous solutions of titanyl sulfate for photocatalytic applications. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 2009, 43(5), P. 713.
11. Meskin P.E., Gavrilov A.I., Maksimov V.D., Ivanov V.K., Churagulov B.P. Hydrothermal/microwave and hydrothermal/ultrasonic synthesis of nanocrystalline titania, zirconia, and hafnia. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2007, 52(11), P. 1648-1656.
12. Trommer R.M., Bergmann C.P. et al. Flame Spray Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.
13. Moiseev A., Qi F., Deubener J., Weber A. Photocatalytic activity of nanostructured titanium dioxide from diffusion flame synthesis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 170(1), P. 308-315.
14. Saekow S., Maiakgree W., Jarernboon W., Pimanpang S., Amornkitbamrung V. High intensity UV radiation ozone treatment of nanocrystalline TiO2 layers for high efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2012, 358(17), P. 2496-2500. Proceedings of the 24-th International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors (ICANS 24) Nara, Japan August 21–26, 2011.
15. Lebedev V.A., Sudin V.V., Kozlov D.A., Garshev A.V. Photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 modified with CuO and WO3. Nanotechnologies in Russia, 2016, 11(1), P. 20-28.
16. Han T., Zhou D., Wang H., Zheng X. The study on preparation and photocatalytic activities of Cu2O/TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015, 3(4), P. 24532462.
17. Tseng I.-H., Wu J. C.-S. Chemical states of metal-loaded titania in the photoreduction of CO2. Catalysis today, 2004, 97(2), P. 113-119.
18. Koirala A.R., Docao S., Lee S.B., Yoon K.B. Fate of methanol under one-pot artificial photosynthesis condition with metal-loaded TiO2 as photocatalysts. Catalysis Today, 2015, 243, P. 235-250.
19. Logar M., Jancar B.,ˇ Sturm S., Suvorov D. Weak polyion multilayer-assisted in situ synthesis as a route toward a plasmonic Ag/TiOˇ 2 photocatalyst. Langmuir, 2010, 26(14), P. 12215-12224.
20. Evans J.E., Springer K.W., Zhang J.Z. Femtosecond studies of interparticle electron transfer in a coupled CdS-TiO2 colloidal system. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1994, 101(7), P. 6222–6225.
21. Cushing S.K., Li J., Meng F., Senty T.R., Suri S., Zhi M., Li M., Bristow A.D., Wu N. Photocatalytic activity enhanced by plasmonic resonant energy transfer from metal to semiconductor. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(36), P. 15033-15041.
22. Riviere J. The work function of gold. Applied Physics Letters, 1966, 8(7), P. 172172.
23. Imanishi A., Tsuji E., Nakato Y. Dependence of the work function of TiO2 (Rutile) on crystal faces, studied by a scanning auger microprobe. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(5), P. 2128-2132.
24. Dweydari A., Mee C. Work function measurements on (100) and (110) surfaces of silver. Physica Status Solidi (A), 1975, 27(1), P. 223-230.
25. Schnippering M., Carrara M., Foelske A., Kotz R., Ferm¨ ´ın D.J. Electronic properties of Ag nanoparticle arrays. A Kelvin probe and high resolution XPS study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2007, 9(6), P. 725-730.
26. Cozzoli P.D., Fanizza E., Comparelli R., Curri M.L., Agostiano A., Laub D. Role of metal nanoparticles in TiO2/Ag nanocomposite-based microheterogeneous photocatalysis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108(28), P. 9623-9630.
27. Subramanian V., Wolf E.E., Kamat P.V. Catalysis with TiO2/gold nanocomposites. Effect of metal particle size on the Fermi level equilibration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(15), P. 4943-4950.
28. Liang Y.-C., Wang C.-C., Kei C.-C., Hsueh Y.-C., Cho W.-H., Perng T.-P. Photocatalysis of Ag-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays formed by atomic layer deposition. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(19), P. 9498-9502.
29. Grabowska E., Zaleska A., Sorgues S., Kunst M., Etcheberry A., Colbeau-Justin C., Remita H. Modification of titanium (IV) dioxide with small silver nanoparticles: application in photocatalysis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013, 117(4), P. 1955-1962.
30. Zhang L., Yu J.C., Yip H.Y., Li Q., Kwong K.W., Xu A.-W., Wong P.K. Ambient light reduction strategy to synthesize silver nanoparticles and silver-coated TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic and bactericidal activities. Langmuir, 2003, 19(24), P. 10372-10380.
31. Sung-Suh H.M., Choi J.R., Hah H.J., Koo S.M., Bae Y.C. Comparison of Ag deposition effects on the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticulate TiO2 under visible and UV light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2004, 163(1), P. 37-44.
32. El-Kemary M., Abdel-Moneam Y., Madkour M., El-Mehasseb I. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Safranin-O by heterogeneous nanoparticles for environmental applications. Journal of Luminescence, 2011, 131(4), P. 570-576.
33. Zhang H., Liang C., Liu J., Tian Z., Wang G., Cai W. Defect-mediated formation of Ag clusterdoped TiO2 nanoparticles for efficient photodegradation of pentachlorophenol. Langmuir, 2012, 28(8), P. 3938-3944.
34. Ko S., Banerjee C. K., Sankar J. Photochemical synthesis and photocatalytic activity in simulated solar light of nanosized Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticle composite. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2011, 42(3), P. 579-583.
35. Pan X., Xu Y.-J. Defect-mediated growth of noble-metal (Ag, Pt, and Pd) nanoparticles on TiO2 with oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic redox reactions under visible light. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013, 117(35), P. 17996-18005.
36. Xiang Q., Yu J., Cheng B., Ong H. Microwave-Hydrothermal Preparation and Visible-Light Photoactivity of Plasmonic Photocatalyst Ag-TiO2 Nanocomposite Hollow Spheres. ChemistryAn Asian Journal, 2010, 5(6), P. 1466-1474.
37. Wang Q., Yang X., Liu D., Zhao J. Fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Ag nanoparticles modified TiO2 NTs. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, 527, P. 106-111.
38. He X., Cai Y., Zhang H., Liang C. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants with Ag decorated free-standing TiO2 nanotube arrays and interface electrochemical response. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21(2), P. 475-480.
39. Zheng Z., Huang B., Qin X., Zhang X., Dai Y., Whangbo M.-H. Facile in situ synthesis of visible-light plasmonic photocatalysts M@TiO2 (M= Au, Pt, Ag) and evaluation of their photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21(25), P. 9079-9087.
40. Shan Z., Wu J., Xu F., Huang F.-Q., Ding H. Highly effective silver/semiconductor photocatalytic composites prepared by a silver mirror reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(39), P. 15423-15428.
41. Liu C., Yang D., Jiao Y., Tian Y., Wang Y., Jiang Z. Biomimetic synthesis of TiO2SiO2Ag nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2013, 5(9), P. 3824-3832.
42. Njoki P.N., Lim I.-I. S., Mott D., Park H.-Y., Khan B., Mishra S., Sujakumar R., Luo J., Zhong C.-J. Size correlation of optical and spectroscopic properties for gold nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(40), P. 14664-14669.
43. Eustis S., El-Sayed M.A. Why gold nanoparticles are more precious than pretty gold: noble metal surface plasmon resonance and its enhancement of the radiative and nonradiative properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chemical society reviews, 2006, 35(3), P. 209-217.
44. Zhao J., Pinchuk A. O., McMahon J.M., Li S., Ausman L.K., Atkinson A.L., Schatz G.C. Methods for describing the electromagnetic properties of silver and gold nanoparticles. Accounts of chemical research, 2008, 41(12), P. 1710-1720.
45. Kelly K.L., Coronado E., Zhao L.L., Schatz G.C. The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107(3), P. 668–677.
46. Draine B.T., Flatau P.J. Discrete-dipole approximation for scattering calculations. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1994, 11(4), P. 1491-1499.
47. Rakic A. D., Djuri´ siˇ c A. B., Elazar J. M., Majewski M.L. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices.´ Applied optics, 1998, 37(22), P. 5271-5283.
48. Zhou M., Wang B., Rozynek Z., Xie Z., Fossum J.O., Yu X., Raaen S. Minute synthesis of extremely stable gold nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20(50), P. 505606.
49. Chatenet M., Micoud F., Roche I., Chainet E. Kinetics of sodium borohydride direct oxidation and oxygen reduction in sodium hydroxide electrolyte: Part I. BH−4 electro-oxidation on Au and Ag catalysts. Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 51(25), P. 5459-5467.
50. Polyakov A.Y., Lebedev V.A., Shirshin E.A., Rumyantsev A.M., Volikov A.B., Zherebker A., Garshev A.V., Goodilin E.A., Perminova I.V. Non-classical growth of water-redispersible spheroidal gold nanoparticles assisted by leonardite humate. CrystEngComm, 2017, 19(5), P. 876-886.
51. Ojea-Jimenez I., Campanera J. M. Molecular Modeling of the Reduction Mechanism in the Citrate- Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanopar-´ ticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116(44), P. 23682–23691.
52. Kumar S., Gandhi K.S., Kumar R. Modeling of Formation of Gold Nanoparticles by Citrate Method. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46(10), P. 3128–3136.
53. Petˇr´ıcek V., Duˇ sek M., Palatinus L. Crystallographic Computing System JANA2006: General features.ˇ Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie -¨ Crystalline Materials, 2014, 229(5), P. 345-352.
54. Necas D., Klapetek P. Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis.ˇ Central European Journal of Physics, 2012, 10(1), P. 181-188.
55. Jones E., Oliphant T., Peterson P. et al. SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python. 2001. URL: http://www.scipy.org/.
56. Hunter J. D. Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment. Computing In Science & Engineering, 2007, 9(3), P. 90-95.
57. Lebedev V., Kozlov D., Kolesnik I., Poluboyarinov A., Becerikli A., Gru¨nert W., Garshev A. The amorphous phase in titania and its influence on photocatalytic properties. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2016, 195, P. 39-47.
58. Chen H.Y., Zahraa O., Bouchy M. Inhibition of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of an organic contaminant in an aqueous suspension of TiO2 by inorganic ions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 1997, 108(1), P. 37-44.
59. Chen F., Zhao J., Hidaka H. Adsorption factor and photocatalytic degradation of dye-constituent aromatics on the surface of TiO2 in the presence of phosphate anions. Research on chemical intermediates, 2003, 29(7-9), P. 733-748.
60. Zhao D., Chen C., Wang Y., Ji H., Ma W., Zang L., Zhao J. Surface Modification of TiO2 by Phosphate: Effect on Photocatalytic Activity and Mechanism Implication. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(15), P. 5993–6001.
61. Polyakov A.Y., Lebedev V., Yadgarov L., Goodilin E. Two facile routes for functionalization of WS2 nanotubes with silver nanoparticles. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 2017, 8(5), P. 628-634.
62. Tian Y., Tatsuma T. Mechanisms and applications of plasmon-induced charge separation at TiO2 films loaded with gold nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005, 127(20), P. 7632-7637.
63. Gorup L.F., Longo E., Leite E.R., Camargo E.R. Moderating effect of ammonia on particle growth and stability of quasi-monodisperse silver nanoparticles synthesized by the Turkevich method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 360(2), P. 355-358.
Review
For citations:
Kozlov D.A., Lebedev V.A., Polyakov A.Yu., Khazova K.M., Garshev A.V. The microstructure effect on the Au/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites photocatalytic activity. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics. 2018;9(2):266–278. https://doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2018-9-2-266-278
Views:
1
Email this article 