НАНОСИСТЕМЫ: ФИЗИКА, ХИМИЯ, МАТЕМАТИКА, 2011, 2 (1), С. 47–63
ИСТОЧНИКИ И ДЕТЕКТОРЫ ОДИНОЧНЫХ ФОТОНОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МИКРО- И НАНООПТИЧЕСКИХ СТРУКТУР
Г. П. Мирошниченко(1)
(1)Санкт-Петербургскийг осударственный университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
gpmirosh@gmail.com
Дан краткий обзор применения микро- и наноструктур в современной фотонике. Отмечено, что для современной информатики особый интерес представляют технологии фабрикования высокодобротных волноводов и микрорезонаторов, с помощью которых можно локализовать фотоны, изолировать их от внешней среды. В работе развита теория дискретного когерентного фотодетектирования фоковских состояний моды микрорезонатора. Развита схема фотодетектора, различающего однофотонные и двухфотонные состояния поля. Здесь в качестве зонда предлагается использовать пакет из атомов, размещенный в микрорезонаторе. С помощью зондов, косвенно, можно определять состояние квантовой моды резонатора, тестируя энергетические состояния атомов пакета после окончания их взаимодействия с модой в течение строго определенного времени взаимодействия. Развита теория генератора однофотонных состояний моды микрорезонатора. Накачка микрорезонатора осуществляется полем резонансной флуоресценции от одного атома-источника, возбуждаемого внешним классическим полем. Однофотонное состояние моды обнаруживается с помощью процесса дискретного когерентного фотодетектирования. Как показано в работе, параметры детектора можно выбрать так, что в момент получения информации о возбужденном состоянии атома-зонда можно однозначно сделать вывод о состоянии моды резонатора. Условная редуцированная матрица плотности моды будет соответствовать чистому фоковскому однофотонному состоянию.
Ключевые слова: оптические нано- и микроструктуры, микрорезонатор, дискретное когерентное фотодетектирование, детектор фоковских состояний, генератор однофотонных состояний.
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